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J<\^K=C#Z#N- 򓦪XVrJR|IuI21UXYυV#*}WT~6ow5,*}s\l}<硎''F1W`ai탐kH!gW)X\ݪΥ:\=b]_\[01 _h\ qM"4V-g[lsrm %rsX$ozXVcu\<3Uk kʵ5\ԊR-WޮHK!ڶI [lQZ.ဍ\Xc{#VXvR6\UBlE-y7K) tu 5 aj~_5ޱ6.acCu`-Xr\ RW.P-B11s.q n?V1/ yG㪪D% T{9ۡܭDWS-bQLVkf%k(X`Ejsh<2W\X[ZX2f/-aT~«iJmGչDǕ}%VjLcn$ ?ol_g;}ʋ9{bƊ漭Z鲮DaާϬX[dywW%kCT.o[;b0yTN_̰a;ZE u+.{Zm~p_ȌWyP|٬,JA)LsP~$>mڂ\% 66%fU)[mڄyNSZ`Nֶ3$JlAk25t͘o_wXm_%w:_%< saeWC.X0`3&XrFjV,T.]XU Z_-م{1| E践vBbl.?=[Ie'V/DFk<|ZMX;o ku#ՍX[n5g`?܎=v❰ｎ;aa{R;֖kApztEXtOFIENDB`nT _ewPNG  IHDR;~n^sBIT&C`PLTEUf""U"f"DDff"ww3fffDDUUww""33U"fDDUUffwẅ̈ݙ*F tRNS\\bKGDHIDATxv0U/`P1wKKN8 BcE3R ;sOp7O.XA9?e8c[ mUB'j`"K,5 |-U3ByG={81YYWbZEhCu,gg(Ќ#cus$ c _5hi @ qc<o荏l.,(>])o*R РKh+UWV luNˑrpP bYBägz7zǀy!1o0w6̓%96SE]cC~iy:LY~H*cauK2LӒ̷X'7W؟˴LZ7N>Zs>9U{UKue'zHWUe^W\Pfil8.v8քjL,ӡd;WIJzN:kиJ_]+,,mPb`Yw*YR>tnZ~Q@m6pO*X+vDtgIu8o %;t/ukʑֽoGXuDƿ #RE]30Eg) [86}Y̝q*GM68}se!D:1Xׅ#3*GLMe-R`3wݭWœO]+CunǞ횕tvgu~Ou' >m4"JFIFKKMSO Palette C   ")$+*($''-2@7-0=0''8L9=CEHIH+6OUNFT@GHEC !!E.'.EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE"!!1AQqa!1 ?F3]'IƓe5,J$3?O 5LXyYL4tO%fxM\DXL`: a2HS=rtd+f\UtV5m7L?cf7 `Zx5\k(  H   D L"Slide 2"Slide 4"Slide 6"Slide 8$Slide 15$Slide 22F/ 0|DTimes New RomanttT/ 0DArial BlackmanttT/ 0" DTahomalackmanttT/ 0"0DAriallackmanttT/ 0@DCourier NewmanttT/ 01@(.2  @n?" dd@  @@``   Kt*   '     #J@ii^h^QSQGRGSFp $    (         $MT:_S44=6V\E:4D9@=M      34433.  @  ,-pKD23$5 6 8L ;<<8= >" @E B#CFYEK`$$$$b$^ZP @x|$b$bpe# zt O|R$FE-Qڛb>"3 R0e0e    A A 8c8c     ?1 d0u0@Ty2 NP'p<'pA)BCD|E|| !ff3fMMMf3f@fd g4`d`d< 02ppH <4BdBd@w 0t0/g4:d:dn 0p@ pp<4!d!d@w 0t0/^J ʚ;Nh8ʚ;<4dddd@ x 0@r0___PPT10 pp2___PPT9/ 0? %O ==<  #/1+,-$32&'5) P  0` ̙33` ` ff3333f` 333MMM` f` f` 3>?" dd@,|?" dd@   " @ ` n?" dd@   @@``PR    @ ` ` p>>L0  f(    6 P  T Click to edit Master title style! !  0   RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     S  0t ``  >*  0 `   @*  0ȳ `   @*z  bA޽h @ ?Parchment ̙33 Default Design 0 zr@ ( )   0ˈ P    P*    0HԈ     R*  d  c $ ?    0ʈ  @  RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     S  6,݈ `P   P*    6( `   R*  H  0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.`ba 0X8(   $+ X X 0*  X 0     @*  X 6 `P   >*  X 6 `   @* H X 0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.` |da: 0L0 IAP)(  "  0D  BAN INTRODUCTION TO PERIOD 3 COMPOUNDS A guide for A level studentsdC(2 f0f<fffJ  C "A KTRE: . " <̙? x @ 0 0dB # <D)P0Q $ 0Pp@ 0 0 ( <̙? x @L 0 0 ) 0` x m OKNOCKHARDY PUBLISHING(2 fB  s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +  0L0   ` (  dB  <D)P0Q  0Pp@ 0 0dB @ <D)PXP  0X0@ 0 0Z   0P0a INTRODUCTION This Powerpoint show is one of several produced to help students understand selected topics at AS and A2 level Chemistry. It is based on the requirements of the AQA and OCR specifications but is suitable for other examination boards. Individual students may use the material at home for revision purposes or it may be used for classroom teaching if an interactive white board is available. Accompanying notes on this, and the full range of AS and A2 topics, are available from the KNOCKHARDY SCIENCE WEBSITE at... www.knockhardy.org.uk/sci.htm Navigation is achieved by... either clicking on the grey arrows at the foot of each page or using the left and right arrow keys on the keyboard (2 2(2 2  75, dB   <D?     0f{0P( OKNOCKHARDY PUBLISHING(2    0kX `PERIOD 3 COMPOUNDS2(2(f<fB  s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +  0L0 &  p (    0@r  0 CONTENTS Introduction Electronic configuration 1st Ionisation Energy Chlorides Oxides Reactions of metalsn 202^ 2lH 3dB  <D)P0Q  0Pp@ 0 0dB  @ <D)PXP   0X0@ 0 0  0|d @ 0 0  6~dx !@ 0 0  6`d @ 0 0  6KdA @ 0 0  6. \ @ 0 0  6 \> @ 0 0  0X VPERIOD 32 (2(f<fB  s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0L0 &(  dB  <D)P0Q  0Pp@ 0 0dB @ <D)PXP  0X0@ 0 0  0Y fELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION2(2,ffB  s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +m 0L0 |t`X    ( w dB  <D)@0A  0Pp@ 0 0dB @ <D)@X@  0X0@ 0 0 K 0q~ fELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION2(2ff8 C,  0 , 6   a1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p60r20h2f0r202                                      f 8 616f 9 61  f : 61 f ; 61f < 61sDT Zo =# /lB > <DjJoolB ?B <DjJZoDT Zo @# ;/[lB A <DjJoolB BB <DjJZoDT Zo C# H/hlB D <DjJoolB EB <DjJZoDT Zo F# /lB G <DjJoolB HB <DjJZoDT Zo I# /'lB J <DjJoolB KB <DjJZoDT Zo L# I/ilB M <DjJoolB NB <DjJZoDT Zo O# /lB P <DjJoolB QB <DjJZoDT Zo R# /lB S <DjJoolB TB <DjJZoDT Zo U# & 3F lB V <DjJoolB WB <DjJZoDT Zo X# i 3 lB Y <DjJoolB ZB <DjJZof [ 61e  f \ 61[  f ] 61 [ f ^ 619  8T Zo _# w ) fB ` 6DjJoofB aB 6DjJZof b 617f c 61  f d 61 f e 61f f 61tDT Zo g# +lB h <DjJoolB iB <DjJZoDT Zo j# <+\lB k <DjJoolB lB <DjJZoDT Zo m# I+ilB n <DjJoolB oB <DjJZoDT Zo p# +lB q <DjJoolB rB <DjJZoDT Zo s# +(lB t <DjJoolB uB <DjJZoDT Zo v# J+jlB w <DjJoolB xB <DjJZoDT Zo y# +lB z <DjJoolB {B <DjJZoDT Zo |# +lB } <DjJoolB ~B <DjJZoDT Zo # ' /G lB  <DjJoolB B <DjJZoDT Zo # j / lB  <DjJoolB B <DjJZof  61f  f  61\  f  61 \ f  61:  8T Zo # x % fB  6DjJoofB B 6DjJZo8T Zo #  % fB  6DjJoofB B 6DjJZof  616 f  61  f  61  f  61 f  61 sDT Zo # %lB  <DjJoolB B <DjJZoDT Zo # ;%[lB  <DjJoolB B <DjJZoDT Zo # H%hlB  <DjJoolB B <DjJZoDT Zo # %lB  <DjJoolB B <DjJZoDT Zo # %'lB  <DjJoolB B <DjJZoDT Zo # I%ilB  <DjJoolB B <DjJZoDT Zo # %lB  <DjJoolB B <DjJZoDT Zo # %lB  <DjJoolB B <DjJZoDT Zo # & )F lB  <DjJoolB B <DjJZoDT Zo # i ) lB  <DjJoolB B <DjJZof  61e  f  61[  f  61 [ f  619  8T Zo # w  fB  6DjJoofB B 6DjJZo8T Zo #   fB  6DjJoofB B 6DjJZo8T Zo # N n fB  6DjJoofB B 6DjJZof  616f  61  f  61 f ¾ 61f þ 61sDT Zo ľ# lB ž <DjJoolB ƾB <DjJZoDT Zo Ǿ# ;[lB Ⱦ <DjJoolB ɾB <DjJZoDT Zo ʾ# HhlB ˾ <DjJoolB ̾B <DjJZoDT Zo ;# lB ξ <DjJoolB ϾB <DjJZoDT Zo о# 'lB Ѿ <DjJoolB ҾB <DjJZoDT Zo Ӿ# IilB Ծ <DjJoolB վB <DjJZoDT Zo ־# lB ׾ <DjJoolB ؾB <DjJZoDT Zo پ# lB ھ <DjJoolB ۾B <DjJZoDT Zo ܾ# & !F lB ݾ <DjJoolB ޾B <DjJZoDT Zo ߾# i ! lB  <DjJoolB B <DjJZof  61e  f  61[  f  61 [ f  619  8T Zo # w  fB  6DjJoofB B 6DjJZo8T Zo #   fB  6DjJoofB B 6DjJZo8T Zo # N n fB  6DjJoofB B 6DjJZo8T Zo #   fB  6DjJoofB B 6DjJZof  617f  61  f  61 f  61f  61tDT Zo # lB  <DjJoolB B <DjJZoDT Zo # <\lB  <DjJoolB B <DjJZoDT Zo # IilB  <DjJoolB B <DjJZoDT Zo # lB  <DjJoolB B <DjJZoDT Zo # (lB  <DjJoolB B <DjJZoDT Zo # JjlB  <DjJoolB B <DjJZoDT Zo  # lB   <DjJoolB  B <DjJZoDT Zo  # lB   <DjJoolB B <DjJZoDT Zo # ' G lB  <DjJoolB B <DjJZoDT Zo # j  lB  <DjJoolB B <DjJZof  61f  f  61\  f  61 \ f  61:  8T Zo # x  fB  6DjJoofB B 6DjJZo8T Zo #   fB  6DjJoofB B 6DjJZo8T Zo # O o fB   6DjJoofB !B 6DjJZo8T Zo "#   fB # 6DjJoofB $B 6DjJZo8T Zo %# n  fB & 6DjJoofB 'B 6DjJZof ( 617 f ) 61  f * 61  f + 61 f , 61 tDT Zo -# $lB . <DjJoolB /B <DjJZoDT Zo 0# <$\lB 1 <DjJoolB 2B <DjJZoDT Zo 3# I$ilB 4 <DjJoolB 5B <DjJZoDT Zo 6# $lB 7 <DjJoolB 8B <DjJZoDT Zo 9# $(lB : <DjJoolB ;B <DjJZoDT Zo <# J$jlB = <DjJoolB >B <DjJZoDT Zo ?# $lB @ <DjJoolB AB <DjJZoDT Zo B# $lB C <DjJoolB DB <DjJZoDT Zo E# ' (G lB F <DjJoolB GB <DjJZoDT Zo H# j ( lB I <DjJoolB JB <DjJZof K 61f  f L 61\  f M 61 \ f N 61:  8T Zo O# x  fB P 6DjJoofB QB 6DjJZo8T Zo R#   fB S 6DjJoofB TB 6DjJZo8T Zo U# O o fB V 6DjJoofB WB 6DjJZo8T Zo X#   fB Y 6DjJoofB ZB 6DjJZo8T Zo [#   fB \ 6DjJoofB ]B 6DjJZo8T Zo ^# n " fB _ 6DjJoofB `B 6DjJZof a 616  f b 61  f c 61  f d 61  f e 61 s DT Zo f#   lB g <DjJoolB hB <DjJZoDT Zo i# ; [ lB j <DjJoolB kB <DjJZoDT Zo l# H h lB m <DjJoolB nB <DjJZoDT Zo o#   lB p <DjJoolB qB <DjJZoDT Zo r#  ' lB s <DjJoolB tB <DjJZoDT Zo u# I i lB v <DjJoolB wB <DjJZoDT Zo x#   lB y <DjJoolB zB <DjJZoDT Zo {#   lB | <DjJoolB }B <DjJZoDT Zo ~# & F lB  <DjJoolB B <DjJZoDT Zo # i lB  <DjJoolB B <DjJZof  61e  f  61[  f  61 [ f  619  8T Zo # w  fB  6DjJoofB B 6DjJZo8T Zo #   fB  6DjJoofB B 6DjJZo8T Zo # N  n fB  6DjJoofB B 6DjJZo8T Zo #   fB  6DjJoofB B 6DjJZo8T Zo #   fB  6DjJoofB B 6DjJZo8T Zo # !  A fB  6DjJoofB B 6DjJZo8T Zo # m  fB  6DjJoofB B 6DjJZof  616  f  61  f  61  f  61  f  61 s DT Zo # 0  lB  <DjJoolB B <DjJZoDT Zo # ;0 [ lB  <DjJoolB B <DjJZoDT Zo # H0 h lB  <DjJoolB B <DjJZoDT Zo # 0  lB  <DjJoolB B <DjJZoDT Zo # 0 ' lB  <DjJoolB B <DjJZoDT Zo # I0 i lB  <DjJoolB B <DjJZoDT Zo # 0  lB  <DjJoolB B <DjJZoDT Zo # 0  lB  <DjJoolB B <DjJZoDT Zo # & 4 F lB  <DjJoolB B <DjJZoDT Zo # i 4 lB  <DjJoolB B <DjJZof  61e  f  61[  f ¿ 61  [ f ÿ 619  8T Zo Ŀ# w 2 fB ſ 6DjJoofB ƿB 6DjJZo8T Zo ǿ#  2 fB ȿ 6DjJoofB ɿB 6DjJZo8T Zo ʿ# N 2 n fB ˿ 6DjJoofB ̿B 6DjJZo8T Zo Ϳ#  2 fB ο 6DjJoofB ϿB 6DjJZo8T Zo п#  2 fB ѿ 6DjJoofB ҿB 6DjJZo8T Zo ӿ# ! 2 A fB Կ 6DjJoofB տB 6DjJZo8T Zo ֿ# m 6 fB ׿ 6DjJoofB ؿB 6DjJZo8T Zo ٿ#  6 fB ڿ 6DjJoofB ۿB 6DjJZow ݿ 64~C  Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar0r20h2 0r202    >  ߿ 0,  `$1s 2s 2p 3s 3p %0^2%f:  0l0P The Aufbau principle states that&  ELECTRONS ENTER THE LOWEST AVAILABLE ENERGY LEVEL . In period 3 the electrons fill the 3s orbital first, followed by the 3p orbitals. Notice how the electrons in the 3p orbitals remain unpaired, if possible, according to Hund s Rule.L 2"4P%,n  VA޽h ?Parchment ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +~ 0L0  #(  dB  <D)P0Q  0Pp@ 0 0dB @ <D)PXP  0X0@ 0 0  0Y c1st IONISATION ENERGY2(2,ffB  s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +0 0L0 //`YBx  .(  @ B 0 q~ eFIRST IONISATION ENERGY2(2ffdB @ <D)P0Q @ 0Pp@ 0 0dB @@ <D)PXP @ 0X0@ 0 0"8  P  @q fB Z@ 6Do6-/lB  @ <Do " fB  @ 6DoMHofB  @ 6DoggfB  @ 6Do2 .fB @ 6DoeOfB @ 6DoHt94fB @ 6DoOkOT  i  @# : P 2N u M  @  i fB @ 6DjJx x fB @ 6DjJu M N J   @   N J *  @ J * fB @ 6DjJJ J  fB @ 6DjJ: :  fB @ 6DjJ* * N J *  @   fB @ 6DjJJ J  fB @ 6DjJ: :  fB @ 6DjJ* * fB  @ 6DjJ  fB !@ 6DjJ  ' "@ 0` ^  9Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar$: 29 >` #@ 0 E  ` $@ 0M` %@ 0aY` &@ 0Qc` '@ 0#k` (@ 0C?` )@ 095lB +@ <DjJ 9 = 9 lB .@ <DjJ @ lB 0@ <DjJ C  3@ 6 ?  1500 1000 500b0x2020n20x2020x2 ` 5@ 01ylB [@ <Do^ ;8 Z   B: +  @ 6ș   A 3s 3p 2 <T Pg B# 'Z   IA Z?1?Pg JA Z?1?Fg KA Z?1?Fg LA Z?1?$gT Zo MA# bLB NA Z?DjJ?ooB OAB Z?DjJ?ZoT Zo PA# LB QA Z?DjJ?ooB RAB Z?DjJ?ZoT Zo SA# 9YLB TA Z?DjJ?ooB UAB Z?DjJ?Zo 8 %T  B %  @ P   B1T   B Z?1?P    B Z?1?F    B Z?1? F   B Z?1?$  T Zo  B# b k B B Z?DjJ?ooB BB Z?DjJ?ZoT Zo B#  k B B Z?DjJ?ooB BB Z?DjJ?ZoT Zo B# 9 Yk B B Z?DjJ?ooB BB Z?DjJ?ZoT Zo B# { k B B Z?DjJ?ooB BB Z?DjJ?ZoT Zo B#  k B B Z?DjJ?ooB BB Z?DjJ?ZoT Zo B# X xo B  B Z?DjJ?ooB !BB Z?DjJ?Zo B 0֙%   A 3s 3p 2  B <ܙ̙1?  There is a DROP in the value for sulphur. The extra electron has paired up with one of the electrons already in one of the 3p orbitals. The repulsive force between the electrons means that less energy is required to remove one of them.l 2 ,!Vf B <̙1?]  6There is a DROP in the value for aluminium because the extra electron has gone into a 3p orbital. The increased shielding makes the electron easier to remove.Z 2  u! u B <d̙1? tTheoretically, the value should increase steadily across the period due to the increased nuclear charge. HOWEVER...u 2u B 08 STREND2(2fB @ s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +  0L0    i (  dB  <D)P0Q  0Pp@ 0 0dB @ <D)PXP  0X0@ 0 0  0Hyq~ lCHLORIDES OF PERIOD 3 ELEMENTS2(2ff  0H"`X0   NaCl MgCl2 AlCl3 SiCl4 PCl5 melting point / K 1074 987 450 (sub) 203 435 (sub) bonding ionic ionic covalent covalent covalent structure giant giant simple simple simple lattice lattice molecule molecule molecule solubility in water very very hydrolysed hydrolysed hydrolysed solution pH 7 6.5 5 0 0f    ff<!f?f frfffBf3 f&^                    #        8 pB   H Do?PpB  H Do?d Pd   0/y"` ASUMMARY(2!B  s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +  0L0   (7 (  (dB ( <D)P0Q ( 0Pp@ 0 0dB (@ <D)PXP ( 0X0@ 0 0` ( 04y"`XP Most can be prepared by DIRECT COMBINATION by passing the gas over the heated element. e.g. Magnesium Mg(s) + Cl2(g)   > MgCl2(s) Aluminium 2Al(s) + 3Cl2(g)   > 2AlCl3(s)&Xj 2f3 !   !  &g  W   ( 08Fyq~ lCHLORIDES OF PERIOD 3 ELEMENTS2(2ff  ( 0 Jy"` E PREPARATION (2 !  ( HNy?  O0 2f3    ( HQy?  O0 2f3    ( HUy?O T+2 -1 2f3   ( HYy?gN O0 2f3   ( H8]y?k 5 R P 0 2f3   ( H`y?kdR W +3 -1 2 f3  B ( s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0L0  !Xi(  XdB X <D)P0Q X 0Pp@ 0 0dB X@ <D)PXP X 0X0@ 0 0$ X 0ky"`XP NaCl " ionic solid " giant ionic lattice " high melting point  strong electrostatic attraction between ions " very soluble in water giving a neutral (pH = 7) solution NaCl(s)   > Na+(aq) + Cl(aq)l 2fffh          X 0syq~ lCHLORIDES OF PERIOD 3 ELEMENTS2(2ff  X 0xy"` D PROPERTIES (2 !]F    X /;' < 2  X <}yoII <  2  X Z?f3jJ?xC2  X Z?f3jJ? A2 X Z?f3jJ?F2 X Z?f3jJ?C2 X Z?f3jJ?2 X Z?f3jJ?~!2 X  `dy?f3jJ?vq B  2 X Z?f3jJ?q X <B X s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0L0 ,D`F(  `dB ` <D)P0Q ` 0Pp@ 0 0dB `@ <D)PXP ` 0X0@ 0 0 ` 0y"`XP0 <MgCl2 " ionic solid " giant ionic lattice " high melting point  strong electrostatic attraction between ions " soluble in water giving a slightly acidic (pH = 6.5) solution (due to greater charge density of Mg2+ ions) MgCl2(s)   > Mg2+(aq) + Cl(aq) 27- 2 #!!!fffff&    ` 0 q~ lCHLORIDES OF PERIOD 3 ELEMENTS2(2ff ` 0py"` D PROPERTIES (2 !^F   !` q ~ 2 "` <Dyo{ ^  <  2 #` Z?jJ?6 W 2 $` Z?jJ?U D 2 %` Z?jJ? 2 &` Z?jJ?%  2 '` Z?jJ?2 > 2 (` Z?jJ?<5  2 )`  `ly?jJ?4   B  2 *` Z?jJ? >   +` <,y w/  HMg   ,` 0y  D2+& 2F H $W'  -` ds  .` <Py) & ]F  VCl  2 /` ByoQ 4D'  <  2 0` Z?33jJ?,2 1` Z?33jJ? $ 2 2` Z?33jJ?i D 2 3` Z?33jJ?6 W 2 4` Z?33jJ?  2 5` Z?33jJ? ' 2 6` Z?33jJ?Q k 2 7` Z?jJ?"`H fB 8` 6D>U ]U F H $W'  9` Ud  :` <y) & ]F  VCl  2 ;` ByoQ 4D'  <  2 <` Z?33jJ?,2 =` Z?33jJ? $ 2 >` Z?33jJ?i D 2 ?` Z?33jJ?6 W 2 @` Z?33jJ?  2 A` Z?33jJ? ' 2 B` Z?33jJ?Q k 2 C` Z?jJ?"`H fB D` 6D>U ]U B ` s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0L0 +;L(  LdB L <D)P0Q L 0Pp@ 0 0dB L@ <D)PXP L 0X0@ 0 0t L 0{"`XP AlCl3 " white solid " high charge density of Al3+ favours covalency " readily hydrolysed giving an acidic solution (pH = 5). AlCl3(s) + 6H2O(l)   > [Al(H2O)6]3+(aq) + 3Cl(aq)& 2 - Vff fffffffff&=      L 0{q~ lCHLORIDES OF PERIOD 3 ELEMENTS2(2ff  L 0@ {"` D PROPERTIES (2 !8   8L/ 2 7L Bd{o"`  <  2 6L B{o"`  <  2  L H{o"`J G  <    L By 1 B x  JAl  2 L H\{o"` r  <  2 L  `?33jJ? S t 2 L  `?33jJ?p F 2 L  `?33jJ? M 0 2 L  `?33jJ? _ 2 L  `?33jJ?  2 L  `?33jJ?3 > 2 L  `?33jJ?6  2 L  `?jJ? N   L B#{ Ee  XCl   2 L  `?33jJ?Kc  2 L  `?33jJ? 3 2 L  `?33jJ?e  2 L  `?33jJ?K 2 L  `?33jJ?  2 L  `?33jJ?T Z 2 L  `?33jJ? 3>   L Bl+{ u  XCl   2 "L  `?33jJ?  2 #L  `?33jJ?iT  2 $L  `?33jJ? F 2 %L  `?33jJ? c 2 &L  `?33jJ?T T 2 'L  `?33jJ?T  2 (L  `?33jJ?i v )L B ){ + H  XCl   2 *L  `?jJ?d + 2 +L  `?jJ? D c  9L B@5{))?0' R A LEWIS ACID* (2 f :L B9{))?P  UTRIGONAL PLANAR*(2fB L s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +$ 0L0 ##47Pa#(  PdB P <D)P0Q P 0Pp@ 0 0dB P@ <D)PXP P 0X0@ 0 0@ P 0XI{"`XP SiCl4 " simple covalent molecule " volatile liquid " fumes in moist air " easily hydrolysed by water producing an acidic solution (pH= 0) SiCl4(l) + 4H2O(l)   > SiO2.2H2O(s) + 4HCl(aq) 2 Q@ff fffffff    P 0Y{q~ lCHLORIDES OF PERIOD 3 ELEMENTS2(2ff  P 0d]{"` D PROPERTIES (2 !`8    6Pe v 2 ,P B_{o"`u% <  2  P Hpc{o"`u1 x  <  2  P Hi{o"` v#  <  2 P H`h{o"`q{  <   P BC{me XSi  2 P Hde{o"` ~S  <  2 P  `?33jJ?  2 P  `?33jJ?%|2 P  `?33jJ? G 2 P  `?33jJ?G2 P  `?33jJ??42 P  `?33jJ? %2 P  `?33jJ? o2 P  `?jJ? P Bm{O XCl   2 P  `?33jJ?  o 2 P  `?33jJ?  2 P  `?33jJ?  2 P  `?33jJ? 7o 2 P  `?33jJ? 7 2 P  `?33jJ?8 2  P  `?33jJ? -  !P Bo{ \6 XCl   2 "P  `?33jJ?l/  2 #P  `?33jJ?@X  2 $P  `?33jJ?01  2 %P  `?33jJ?g  2 &P  `?33jJ?{P  2 'P  `?33jJ?{ y 2 (P  `?33jJ?@ z  )P B{k   XCl   2 *P  `?jJ?"@2 +P  `?jJ?^  2 -P Z?jJ?12 .P Z?33jJ?E12 /P Z?33jJ?w2 0P Z?33jJ?;2 1P Z?33jJ?y52 2P Z?33jJ?yd2 3P Z?33jJ?><2 4P Z?33jJ?>d 5P <{a XCl    7P B{))?G/ ! Q TETRAHEDRAL* (2 fB P s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0L0  Th(  TdB T <D)P0Q T 0Pp@ 0 0dB T@ <D)PXP T 0X0@ 0 0z T 0{"`XPg PCl5 " pale yellow solid " exists as [PCl4+][PCl6] ; unusual for a non-metallic chloride " hydrolysed by water giving an acidic solution (pH = 0) PCl5(s) + 4H2O(l)   > H3PO4(aq) + 5HCl(aq). 2 +   hff fffffff    T 0,{q~ lCHLORIDES OF PERIOD 3 ELEMENTS2(2ff  T 0t{"` D PROPERTIES (2 !B T s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +  0L0    w (  dB  <D)P0Q  0Pp@ 0 0dB @ <D)PXP  0X0@ 0 0  0<{XPb ? Na2O MgO Al2O3 SO2 Melting point / K 1548 3125 2345 200 bonding ionic ionic ionic/cov covalent structure giant giant giant simple lattice lattice lattice molecule classification basic basic amphoteric acidic solubility very sparingly insoluble reacts in water solution pH 14 9 3B '   -! 0f af.f3 .MMM=f       (        *      pB   H Do?PpB   H Do?P   0{q~ iOXIDES OF PERIOD 3 ELEMENTS2(2ff   0T{"` ASUMMARY(2!B  s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0L0 0,(  ,dB , <D)P0Q , 0Pp@ 0 0dB ,@ <D)PXP , 0X0@ 0 0Z , 0{"`Xn @" metals produce basic oxides " non-metals produce acidic oxides " aluminium oxide is an amphoteric oxide (acidic and basic properties) " ionic oxides have high melting points " ionic oxides conduct electricity when molten " most oxides can be prepared by direct combination (EXC. SO3) 2Mg(s) + O2(g)   > 2MgO(s) 4Al(s) + 3O2(g)   > 2Al2O3(s) S(s) + O2(g)   > SO2(g)H"  ff%fffffffffff@b        , 0`{q~ iOXIDES OF PERIOD 3 ELEMENTS2(2ff  , 0 {"` E PREPARATION (2 !  , H\}?   O0 2f3    , H(}?   O0 2f3    , Hl }?   T+2 -2 2f3   , Hh{? / O0 2f3   , H }?  O0 2f3   , HH}?  T+4 -2 2f3   , H}?k R  O0 2f3   , H}?o  V  O0 2f3   , H`}?o V  T+3 -2 2f3  B , s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0L0 0,El>(  ldB l <D)P0Q l 0Pp@ 0 0dB l@ <D)PXP l 0X0@ 0 0" l 0P&}"`Xq  Na2O " white solid " giant ionic lattice " soluble in water to form a strongly alkaline solution (pH = 13-14) Na2O(s) + H2O(l)   > 2NaOH(aq) " reacts with acids to form salts  A BASIC OXIDE Na2O(s) + HCl(aq)   > NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) 4 2p 2 off fff(! ff+fff@        l 0|;}q~ iOXIDES OF PERIOD 3 ELEMENTS2(2ff !l 0 (}"` D PROPERTIES (2 !]F   "l i v2 #l <D}oII <  2 $l Z?f3jJ?xC2 %l Z?f3jJ? A2 &l Z?f3jJ?F2 'l Z?f3jJ?C2 (l Z?f3jJ?2 )l Z?f3jJ?~!2 *l  `J}?f3jJ?vq B  2 +l Z?f3jJ?q ,l <M}Xv HNa   -l 0R}'F! C+& 2]F   .l i  v2 /l <V}oII <  2 0l Z?f3jJ?xC2 1l Z?f3jJ? A2 2l Z?f3jJ?F2 3l Z?f3jJ?C2 4l Z?f3jJ?2 5l Z?f3jJ?~!2 6l  `[}?f3jJ?vq B  2 7l Z?f3jJ?q 8l <T`}Xv HNa   9l 0]}'F! C+& 2_F & 3 :l i _ K v2 ;l <_}oEk   <  2 l Z?fjJ?& B 2 ?l Z?f3jJ? ?32 @l Z?fjJ? |@ 2 Al Z?fjJ?z C 2 Bl  `xm}?f3jJ?r   B  2 Cl Z?fjJ? |  Dl <q}|   IO   El 0xu}Z G.  D2-& 2B l s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +  0L0  !"h(  hdB h <D)P0Q h 0Pp@ 0 0dB h@ <D)PXP h 0X0@ 0 0 h 0}"`X  &zMgO " white solid " giant ionic lattice " sparingly soluble in water to form hydroxide (pH = 9) (Low solubility is due to metal s greater charge density) MgO(s) + H2O(l)   > Mg(OH)2(aq) " reacts with acids to form salts  A BASIC OXIDE MgO(s) + 2HCl(aq)   > MgCl2(aq) + H2O(l) :e 2>* 2o 2d:fffff(!&ff fffN   ^  1 +F \S a  h   fN    h \T H a 2  h <}o{ ^  <  2  h Z?jJ?6 W 2  h Z?jJ?U D 2  h Z?jJ? 2 h Z?jJ?%  2 h Z?jJ?2 > 2 h Z?jJ?<5  2 h  ``}?jJ?4   B  2 h Z?jJ? >   h <l} w/  HMg   h 0,}  D2+& 2gN & 3 h  S ` 2 h <4}oEk   <  2 h Z?fjJ?t e 2 h Z?fjJ? c 2 h Z?fjJ?& B 2 h Z?jJ? ?32 h Z?fjJ? |@ 2 h Z?fjJ?z C 2 h  `}?jJ?r   B  2 h Z?fjJ? |  h <Ĵ}|   IO    h 0(}Z G.  D2-& 2 !h 0t}q~ iOXIDES OF PERIOD 3 ELEMENTS2(2ff "h 08}"` D PROPERTIES (2 !B h s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +  0L0   ` 8(  8dB 8 <D)P0Q 8 0Pp@ 0 0dB 8@ <D)PXP 8 0X0@ 0 0 8 0}"`XW  N8Al2O3 " giant lattice with some covalent character " insoluble in water " AMPHOTERIC; it reacts with both acids and alkalis to give salts with acids Al2O3(s) + 6HCl(aq)   > 2AlCl3(aq) + 3H2O(l) with alkalis Al2O3(s) + 2NaOH(aq) + 3H2O(l)   > 2NaAl(OH)4(aq)  2  J !Bffffffffffffffffff    8 0}q~ iOXIDES OF PERIOD 3 ELEMENTS2(2ff  8 0(}"` D PROPERTIES (2 !B 8 s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +- 0L0 <4)K@(  @dB @ <D)P0Q @ 0Pp@ 0 0dB @@ <D)PXP @ 0X0@ 0 0 @ 0"`X  (SO2 " simple covalent molecule " soluble in water " reacts with water to give a weak acidic solution (pH = 3) SO2(g) + H2O(l) 2H+(aq) + SO32-(aq) " converted to sulphur trioxide in the CONTACT PROCESS 2: u ff ffff ffff9   @ B}))?$ TANGULAR / BENT*(2f-F 4   @ 2  @ <o<  <  2  @ Z?jJ?412  @ Z?jJ?9=2  @ Z?jJ?9T   @ <LI  UO$$  2 @ Z?jJ?p 2 @ Z?jJ?D $ 2 @ <oK  <  2 @ Z?jJ?2 @ Z?fjJ?|U2 @ Z?fjJ? y  @ <d  US$$  2 @ Z?fjJ? S2 @ <"or   <  2 @ Z?jJ?b  2 @ Z?jJ?  = @ <%   UO$$  2 @ Z?jJ?  2 @ Z?jJ? D r 2 @ Z?jJ? " 2 @ Z?jJ?x ; 2 @ Z?fjJ? n2  @ Z?fjJ? v 2 !@ Z?fjJ? " 8  C@ 0T~}q~ iOXIDES OF PERIOD 3 ELEMENTS2(2ff D@ 0."` D PROPERTIES (2 !FF  j E@  / L tT @ F@#  *B G@ TDfV?@@B H@ TDfV?@tT @ I@# F jB J@ TDfV?@@B K@ TDfV?@B @ s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +Q 0L0 `XP*Jt(  tdB t <D)P0Q t 0Pp@ 0 0dB t@ <D)PXP t 0X0@ 0 0 t 0?"`X bSO3 " simple covalent molecule " reacts violently with water to give a strong acidic solution (pH = 0) SO3(g) + H2O(l)   > 2H+(aq) + SO42-(aq) 2 o ff ff fff ffff   t B6))?9  UTRIGONAL PLANAR*(2f !t 0xYq~ iOXIDES OF PERIOD 3 ELEMENTS2(2ff "t 0$U"` D PROPERTIES (2 !"F $ *t  F 2 +t <x_o{ a  <  2 ,t Z?jJ?2%2 -t Z?jJ?  +2 .t Z?jJ? E  /t <`aX j  UO$$  2 0t Z?jJ? 3 " 2 1t Z?jJ? ,a 2 2t <Ro  Q  <  2 3t Z?jJ? d g 2 4t Z?fjJ?o I  5t <ti Z  US$$  2 6t <So q  <  2 7t Z?jJ?  2 8t Z?jJ? k Y 9t <p: z  UO$$  2 :t Z?jJ?* Y 2 ;t Z?jJ?O x 2 t Z?fjJ?  [ 2 ?t Z?fjJ? o S 2 @t Z?fjJ? - x 2 At <\wo  $ <  2 Bt Z?fjJ? 5 2 Ct Z?fjJ?  2 Dt Z?jJ? & 6 2 Et Z?jJ?| 6 2 Ft Z?jJ? R: 2 Gt Z?jJ?X g 2 Ht Z?jJ? J _ 2 It Z?jJ?Q Z  Jt <} A UO$$  B t s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +  0L0   P 4 (  4dB 4 <D)P0Q 4 0Pp@ 0 0dB 4@ <D)PXP 4 0X0@ 0 0 4 0(q~ `METALS OF PERIOD 32(2ff 4 0"`X PSodium " vigorous reaction " hydrogen evolved " strong alkaline solution produced (pH = 14) Na(s) + 2H2O(l)   > 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g) Magnesium " slow reaction with water " weaker alkaline solution produced (pH 9-11) Mg(s) + 2H2O(l)   > Mg(OH)2(aq) + H2(g) " very fast reaction with steam Mg(s) + H2O(l)   > MgO(S) + H2(g) 2!^fffff !Offff fff#f fffffti    X       4 04"` MREACTION WITH WATER(2!B 4 s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0L0 p @(   X @dB  @ <D)P0Q  @ 0Pp@ 0 0dB  @@ <D)PXP @ 0X0@ 0 0 @ <̙? x @D 0 0J @ C "A KTRE: . @ 0x m h. 2007 JONATHAN HOPTON & KNOCKHARDY PUBLISHING/(2/ fH @ C ADHS> @   @ 00  -AN INTRODUCTION TO PERIOD 3 COMPOUNDS THE ENDd.(2 f0f<fffH @ 0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +r@)z|% 9/   HD ]B]# )N7& 3=)w+08°/[10r65+Z5Oh+'0T hp   No Slide TitleHOPTONJONATHAN HOPTON745Microsoft PowerPoint@`lĽ@@hNx@GSg  )'    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