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S  6 `P   P*    6 `   R*  H  0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.0 0X(   $+ X X 04, P    X*  X 00     Z*  X 64 `P   X*  X 69 `   Z* H X 0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.= y 0L0 ( (  (  ( 0$  2GROUP VII The Halogens A guide for GCSE students b2(8(26f<fff ( 0(H OKNOCKHARDY PUBLISHING(2 fJ ( C "A KTRE: . ( <̙? x @, 0 0 ( <̙? x @- 0 0T ( C ,Agcselogo2 ( 0\"`>B 2010 SPECIFICATIONSH0 G$G  B ( s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +> 0L0 MEP8 (  8  8 0hSH@} E GROUP VII (2  fK 8 08Xpg   INTRODUCTION This Powerpoint show is one of several produced to help students understand selected GCSE Chemistry topics. It is based on the requirements of the AQA specification but is suitable for other examination boards. Individual students may use the material at home for revision purposes and it can also prove useful for classroom teaching with an interactive white board. Additional Powerpoints, and the full range of AS and A2 Chemistry topics, are available from the KNOCKHARDY WEBSITE at... www.knockhardy.org.uk~ (2 2(2 ! > k ddB 8 <D?  T 8 C ,Agcselogo2 8 Nh̙))? & -All diagrams and animations in this Powerpoint are original and created by Jonathan Hopton. Permission must be obtained for their use in any commercial work.$CH$   &  C z 8 bA޽h @ ?Parchment ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +  0L0 ` < m(  <  < 0oC"?0   CONTENTS Introduction Group trends Group similarities Reaction with metals Displacement reactions Summary Quick quizb 202k 2!!z < 0C"? n@S 0 0 < 6C"? y@Y 0 0 < 6C"?x @_ 0 0 < 6C"?@ @e 0 0 < 6C"? @k 0 0 < 6C"? x @w 0 0  < 0GH@} E GROUP VII (2  f  < 6C"? x @q 0 0T < C ,Agcselogo2B < s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0 o @(     0  X INTRODUCTION0 (2 f3T  C ,Agcselogo2 P N_ж_жS" ?7  Q N_ж_жS" ?n U  R N_ж_жS" ?2U  S N_ж_жS" ? B w T N_ж_жS" ?t U  U N_ж_жS" ?U 7  _ T_ж_ж1" k' a T_ж_ж1" k' b Z_ж_жRx1"`k'{ c Z_ж_ж{1"`{k'g  d T_ж_ж1S" ?e k'Q  \ <8?C"?k+ AF$ f <?C"?DV{ jCl2 g <?C"?GYg LBr. h <?C"?GYB  KI. i <?C"?i DV)  LAt. l 0L 5THE HALOGENS OCCUR IN GROUP VII OF THE PERIODIC TABLE.6H5!5  n H_ж_ж" X* =Group 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 > 2>=  o H_ж_ж" g:#' S0 2 H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0  <(     0$ X INTRODUCTION0 (2 f3T  C ,Agcselogo2  H_ж_жS" ?7   H_ж_жS" ?n U   H_ж_жS" ?2U   H_ж_жS" ? B w  H_ж_жS" ?t U   H_ж_жS" ?U 7   N_ж_ж1" k'  N_ж_ж1" k'  T_ж_жRx1"`k'{  T_ж_ж{1"`{k'g   N_ж_ж1S" ?e k'Q   6d?C"?k+ AF$  6<ő?C"?DV{ jCl2  6ʑ?C"?GYg LBr.  6ϑ?C"?GYB  KI.  6Dԑ?C"?i DV)  LAt.  0ؑL 5THE HALOGENS OCCUR IN GROUP VII OF THE PERIODIC TABLE.6H5!5   0ݑ L  gTHEY ARE NON-METALS AND HAVE ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATIONS JUST ONE ELECTRON SHORT OF THE NEAREST NOBLE GAShHh  H$_ж_ж" X* =Group 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 > 2>=   H_ж_ж" g:#' S0 2 H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +U 0 |t  (     0 \GROUP PROPERTIES0(2f3  0D0 TGENERAL " non-metals " exist as separate diatomic molecules& eg Cl2 " have seven electrons in their outer shells " form negative ions with a 1- charge " reaction with metals and halides r@!= ~.A T  C ,Agcselogo2H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0    (     0@" \GROUP PROPERTIES0(2f3X  0)D0  GENERAL " non-metals " exist as separate diatomic molecules& eg Cl2 " have seven electrons in their outer shells " form negative ions with a 1- charge " reaction with metals and halides TRENDS " appearance " boiling point " electronic configuration " atomic size " ionic size " reactivity&A@=~! .A yT   C ,Agcselogo2H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0  L(     0TV X GROUP TRENDS0 (2 f3T  C ,Agcselogo2H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +O 0 vnp" (     0b X GROUP TRENDS0 (2 f3  6njJ?  \F2>   6HpjJ?  NYellow,  6T|fjJ?  iCl2J   6xfjJ?  MGreen,  6fjJ QBr22  6hfjJ C Red/brown    6jJ  HI2*   6,jJ  :Grey  6jJ?  KGAS,  6ԛfjJ?  KGAS,  6@fjJ @LIQUID  60jJ  ;SOLID  6ܧjJ hColour,  6ԬjJ VState (at RTP),  0 t D APPEARANCE  !  6DjJ? h NYellow,  6tfjJ? h MGreen,  6XfjJh C Red/brown    6 jJ h @Purple ! 6lŝjJh  Vapour colour, $T " C ,Agcselogo2H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0 "& g(     0b X GROUP TRENDS0 (2 f3  0<ҝ ( VINCREASES down Group because more energy is required to separate the larger molecules.WW  6XםjJ?  \F2>   6XܝjJ?  NYellow,  6,ӝfjJ?  iCl2J   6hޝfjJ?  MGreen,  6fjJ QBr22  6,fjJ C Red/brown    6jJ  HI2*   6djJ  :Grey  6`jJ?  KGAS,  6CfjJ?  KGAS,  6$CfjJ @LIQUID  6( CjJ  ;SOLID  6 CjJ hColour,  6` CjJ VState (at RTP),  0Ct D APPEARANCE  !  0C( s"  G BOILING POINT!  6(CjJ ?  \F2>   6@!CjJ ?  M- 188,  6 CfjJ ?   iCl2J   6*CfjJ ?   L- 34,  6h/CfjJ   QBr22  64CfjJ   <58  6l9CjJ    HI2*   6=CjJ    9183  67CjJ   vBoiling point / CH" ! 6(ICjJ? h NYellow, " 64@CfjJ? h MGreen, # 6SCfjJh C Red/brown   $ 6hWCjJ h @Purple % 6\[CjJh  Vapour colour, $T & C ,Agcselogo2H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +O 0 v n $  (  $  $ 0eC X GROUP TRENDS0 (2 f3 $ 0jCP7  h" electrons go into shells further from the nucleus55 $ 6pCjJ?  IF, $ 6tCfjJ?  nCl6 $ 6|CfjJ <Br  $ 6CjJ  7I  $ 6CjJ?  K2,7,  $ 6@CfjJ?  M2,8,7, $ 6XCfjJ B2,8,18,7   $ 6CjJ  A 2,8,18,18,7   $ 6CjJ U Configuration,  $ 0Ct RELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION! $ 6DCjJ?  K9. $ 6CfjJ?  J17, $ 6CfjJ <35 $ 6CjJ  853 $ 6(CjJ U Atomic Number, T $ C ,Agcselogo2H $ 0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +  0    (  (  (  ( 0C X GROUP TRENDS0 (2 f3 ( 6CjJ?  IF, ( 6CfjJ?  nCl6 ( 6CfjJ <Br ( 60CjJ  7I ( 0Ct OATOMIC & IONIC RADIUS!  ( 6CjJ?  O0.064.  ( 6CfjJ?  M0.099,  ( 6HCfjJ ?0.111  ( 6xCjJ  ;0.128  ( 6CjJ ZAtomic radius / nm, ( 0Ce0% B NOT TO SCALE @# N ( C &Afatomgx ^ ( C (Aclatomg"`GO ^ ( C (Abratomg"` V \ ( C &AIatomg"`KY T  ( C ,Agcselogo2H ( 0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0 `| t(  |  | 0C X GROUP TRENDS0 (2 f3, | 0,}y  X ATOMIC RADIUS INCREASES down Group IONIC RADIUS INCREASES down Group " the greater the atomic number the more electrons there are these go into shells increasingly further from the nucleus " ions are larger than atoms - the added electron repels the others so radius gets largerX- ! ! | 6 }jJ?  IF, | 6CfjJ?  nCl6 | 6p}fjJ <Br | 6X}jJ  7I | 0}t OATOMIC & IONIC RADIUS!  | 6}jJ?  O0.064.  | 6!}fjJ?  M0.099,  | 6&}fjJ ?0.111  | 6p*}jJ  ;0.128  | 6-}jJ ZAtomic radius / nm, | 602}jJ? h \F>#' | 69}fjJ? h ClJ#' | 6=}fjJh QBr2' | 6B}jJ h HI*# | 6F}jJh? H O0.136. | 6J}fjJh? H M0.181, | 6N}fjJhH ?0.195 | 6R}jJh H ;0.216 | 6TV}jJhH YIonic radius / nm,T | C ,Agcselogo2H | 0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0  R(     0^} ^GROUP SIMILARITIES0(2f3T  C ,Agcselogo2H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0 F>%  (     0r} ^GROUP SIMILARITIES0(2f3  0Dx}eS  f2" all the atoms have seven electrons in their outer shell " ions are larger than atoms - the added electron repels the others so radius gets larger  0y}t RELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION!  6}jJ?  IF,  6t}fjJ?  nCl6  6}fjJ <Br  6}jJ  7I  6}jJ?  K2,7,  6Ȗ}fjJ?  M2,8,7,  6}fjJ B2,8,18,7    6d}jJ  A 2,8,18,18,7    6Ȩ}jJ U Configuration,   6}jJ?  K9. ! 6@}fjJ?  J17, " 6}fjJ <35 # 6H}jJ  853 $ 6}jJ U Atomic Number, T % C ,Agcselogo2H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0   K(    0̺} GROUP SIMILARITIES0(2f3  T   C ,Agcselogo2 . 0}t KMOLECULAR FORMULA! / 6h}jJ?  IF, 0 6}fjJ?  nCl6 1 6T}fjJ <Br 2 6}jJ  7I 3 6h}jJ?  PCovalent,  4 6<}fjJ?  PCovalent,  5 6}fjJ BCovalent   6 6}jJ  >Covalent   7 6}jJ OBonding, 8 6}jJ?  \F2>  9 68}fjJ?  ]Cl2>  : 6\fjJ QBr22 ; 6pjJ  HI2*  < 6 jJ YMolecular formula, F  E  =  7 V > C &Afatomg @ V ? C &Afatomg E *F X` @ C  f A C (Aclatomg"`X(_f B C (Aclatomg"`(`*F f- C  e f D C (Abratomg"`f-< f E C (Abratomg"`D -&F I   F S  d G C &AIatomg"`I R d H C &AIatomg"`OI   I 04 `   B NOT TO SCALE @#  J 0eL xD" all exist as diatomic molecules##H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0 " f(     0P GROUP SIMILARITIES0(2f3  T  C ,Agcselogo2  0t G ION FORMATION!  6$jJ?  IF,  6(fjJ?  nCl6  6d/fjJ <Br  63jJ  7I  67jJ U Configuration,   6\;jJ KIon,  6>jJ?  \F>#'  6HfjJ?  ClJ#'  6$KfjJ QBr2'  6DOjJ  HI*#  6PZjJ?  K2,8,  6\}fjJ?  M2,8,8,  6\_fjJ B2,8,18,8    6djJ  A 2,8,18,18,8    0$ge  x " all gain one electron to form a negative ion of charge 1- " ions are larger than atoms " the smaller the atom the easier it forms an ion \ 4H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0 "C \(     0Lc GROUP SIMILARITIES0(2f3  T  C ,Agcselogo2  0{t G ION FORMATION!  6|jJ?  IF,  60fjJ?  nCl6  6fjJ <Br  6tyjJ  7I ! 6jJ U Configuration,  & 6PjJ KIon, ' 6jJ?  \F>#' ( 6ԚfjJ?  ClJ#' ) 6fjJ QBr2' * 6jJ  HI*# + 6jJ?  K2,8, , 6fjJ?  M2,8,8, - 6fjJ B2,8,18,8   . 6(jJ  A 2,8,18,18,8   / 0le  x " all gain one electron to form a negative ion of charge 1- " ions are larger than atoms " the smaller the atom the easier it forms an ion \ 4 0 0 }  D REACTIVITY  ! 1 6jJ 5  IF, 2 60fjJ  nCl6 3 6fjJ   <Br 4 6jJ a  7I 6 6TjJ 5 R Reactivity,   7 6|jJC"? 5  4 ' 8 6fjJC"?  4 ' 9 6fjJC"?  4 ' : 6jJC"? a 0# ? 6jJC"?  Increasingly reactive LpB @ H_ж_жDԔQ}`QvB A N_ж_жDԔMp M~ B H_ж_ж"  5a C 0\eaL ~" reactivity decreases down the Group / increases up the Group@@H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0 ` c(     0 H Z REACTIONS OF HALOGENS2(2$f$3 T  C ,Agcselogo2  0c@ "1. WITH METALS 2. WITH HALIDES.# 2"f3" H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0 P |(     0  REACTION OF HALOGENS WITH METALS0!(2 f3  T  C ,Agcselogo2H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0 @ t(     0  REACTION OF HALOGENS WITH METALS0!(2 f3  T  C ,Agcselogo2  00, 8HALOGENS REACT WITH METALS TO PRODUCE METAL HALIDES. 995 H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +A 0 h`0 (     0#  REACTION OF HALOGENS WITH METALS0!(2 f3  T  C ,Agcselogo2t  0:N vHALOGENS REACT WITH METALS TO PRODUCE METAL HALIDES. THE EASE OF REACTION DECREASES DOWN THE GROUP F > Cl > Br > I Dw64 654    H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0   (     0#  REACTION OF HALOGENS WITH METALS0!(2 f3  T  C ,Agcselogo2  0`CU HALOGENS REACT WITH METALS TO PRODUCE METAL HALIDES. THE EASE OF REACTION DECREASES DOWN THE GROUP F > Cl > Br > I THIS IS BECAUSE  THE LARGER THE HALOGEN ATOM, THE LESS EASILY IT ATTRACTS THE ELECTRON IT NEEDS TO FILL ITS OUTER SHELL ^j p3.54   H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0   (     0M  REACTION OF HALOGENS WITH METALS0!(2 f3  T  C ,Agcselogo2,  0R  HALOGENS REACT WITH METALS TO PRODUCE METAL HALIDES. THE EASE OF REACTION DECREASES DOWN THE GROUP F > Cl > Br > I THIS IS BECAUSE  THE LARGER THE HALOGEN ATOM, THE LESS EASILY IT ATTRACTS THE ELECTRON IT NEEDS TO FILL ITS OUTER SHELL THE HALIDES OF GROUP I ARE& WHITE IONIC SOLIDS VERY SOLUBLE IN WATER SODIUM CHLORIDE (NaCl) IS A TYPICAL GROUP I HALIDE fzj`!P54     H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0  I(     00bH UREACTION WITH ALKALI METALS(2fT  C ,Agcselogo2H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +  0 4,  (     0,h o'REACTION WITH ALKALI METALS - Equations,((2'ff  0m?G @ SODIUM CHLORINE SODIUM CHLORIDEAPxA A  @`T  C ,Agcselogo2pB  HD>P P   H8w_ж_ж"  Q+ 2 H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0  e(     0} o'REACTION WITH ALKALI METALS - Equations,((2'ffpB  HD!> x  0`Vv 0 Na + Cl2 NaCl 1Px!!! !!!&+    @`  0X?G @ SODIUM CHLORINE SODIUM CHLORIDEAPxA A  @`T  C ,Agcselogo2H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0 0 (     0잁 o'REACTION WITH ALKALI METALS - Equations,((2'ffpB  HD!> x  0Vv 0 Na + Cl2 NaCl 1Px!!! !!!&+    @`  0p?G @ SODIUM CHLORINE SODIUM CHLORIDEAPxA A  @`T  C ,Agcselogo2:  <|? The equation doesn t balance - multiply the formulae until it doesC@C C H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +n 0 @ (     0Ł o'REACTION WITH ALKALI METALS - Equations,((2'ffvB  ND!> _  6Ɓ  - 2Na + Cl2 2NaCl .Px !!! !!! .  @`pB  HD!> v  0PVv 0 Na + Cl2 NaCl 1Px!!! !!!&+    @`T  C ,Agcselogo2  0p?G @ SODIUM CHLORINE SODIUM CHLORIDEAPxA A  @`  <(?  ]Balanced equationH  H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0 P+, q(   2  <|oZ <  2  Z?f3jJ?5T2  Z?f3jJ?IR2  Z?f3jJ? 2  Z?f3jJ?"  <D `Cl   ^2  6oIf& 2  Z?f3jJ?y  0  GSODIUM ATOM 2,8,12  Z?f3jJ?C/2  Z?f3jJ?;22   `L ?f3jJ?3 B  2  Z?f3jJ?C2  Z?f3jJ?~12  B$ o <  2  <o{, <  2  Z?33jJ?du2  Z?33jJ?xs2  Z?33jJ?682  Z?33jJ?5C^2  6ojU*2  Z?33jJ?2+2  Z?33jJ?rP2  Z?33jJ?jS2   `?33jJ?&b B  2  Z?33jJ?&r2  Z?33jJ?0R2  Blo  <  2  Z?33jJ?E:2  Z?33jJ?822 ! Z?33jJ?rw2 " Z?33jJ?D2 # Z?33jJ?3E2 $ Z?33jJ?;82 % Z?33jJ? yy & <$ HNa   ' 0*   ICHLORINE ATOM 2,8,72 ( Z?f3jJ?N ) 0.I  0  11 protons; 11 electrons> 2 !    * 03I 0  17 protons; 17 electrons> 2 !   T + C ,Agcselogo2 , 08"` SSODIUM CHLORIDE FORMATION(2fH  0޽h ? ̙33G?___PPT10+D' = @B D' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D' =%(D' =%(DE' =4@BBBB%()?)?D'  =.a7 BBBBBoM -1.11111E-6 -1.18519E-5 C 0.01545 -0.0132 0.05781 -0.06575 0.09236 -0.07987 C 0.12691 -0.09399 0.17309 -0.09978 0.20694 -0.08519 C 0.2408 -0.07061 0.27673 -0.01204 0.29514 0.00717 *3>*B ppt_xB ppt_y=D0BB aaaapBBr>B/=<*( + 0 `-. (   2  <FoZ <  2  Z?f3jJ?5T2  Z?f3jJ?IR2  Z?f3jJ? 2  Z?f3jJ?"  <,B `Cl   ^2  6oIf& 2  Z?f3jJ?y  0S  DSODIUM ION 2,82  Z?f3jJ?C/2  Z?f3jJ?;22   `L?f3jJ?3 B  2  Z?f3jJ?C2  Z?f3jJ?~12  <[o{, <  2  Z?33jJ?du2  Z?33jJ?xs2  Z?33jJ?682  Z?33jJ?5C^2  6ojU*2  Z?33jJ?2+2  Z?33jJ?rP2  Z?33jJ?jS2   `a?33jJ?&b B  2  Z?33jJ?&r2  Z?33jJ?0R2  Bho  <  2  Z?33jJ?E:2  Z?33jJ?822  Z?33jJ?rw2 ! Z?33jJ?D2 " Z?33jJ?3E2 # Z?33jJ?;82 $ Z?33jJ? yy % <@o HNa   & 0p   hCHLORIDE ION 2,8,8:3 2 ' Z?f3jJ?"` p ( 0x?e $both species now have  full outer shells; ie they have the electronic configuration of a noble gas d(2d!+7 ) 0~HQ~B G+* 23^B * 6D3> + 0 I  0  11 protons; 10 electrons> 2 !    , 0I 0  17 protons; 18 electrons> 2 !   T - C ,Agcselogo2 . 0"` SSODIUM CHLORIDE FORMATION(2fH  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0 p-. 9(   2  <oZ <  2  Z?f3jJ?5T2  Z?f3jJ?IR2  Z?f3jJ? 2  Z?f3jJ?"  <쑆 `Cl   ^2  6oIf& 2  Z?f3jJ?y  0襆  DSODIUM ION 2,82  Z?f3jJ?C/2  Z?f3jJ?;22   `?f3jJ?3 B  2  Z?f3jJ?C2  Z?f3jJ?~12  <do{, <  2  Z?33jJ?du2  Z?33jJ?xs2  Z?33jJ?682  Z?33jJ?5C^2  6ojU*2  Z?33jJ?2+2  Z?33jJ?rP2  Z?33jJ?jS2   `?33jJ?&b B  2  Z?33jJ?&r2  Z?33jJ?0R2  Bo  <  2  Z?33jJ?E:2  Z?33jJ?822  Z?33jJ?rw2 ! Z?33jJ?D2 " Z?33jJ?3E2 # Z?33jJ?;82 $ Z?33jJ? yy % <P† HNa   & 0Xdž   hCHLORIDE ION 2,8,8:3 2 ' Z?f3jJ? pI ( 0\҆  w Na Na+ + e 2,8,1 2,8 ELECTRON TRANSFERRED Cl + e Cl 2,8,7 2,8,8 20<20(202 20<2  !!>BdB ) <Do  dB * @ <Do P x + 0HQ~B G+* 23^B , 6D3>T - C ,Agcselogo2 . 0<"` SSODIUM CHLORIDE FORMATION(2fH  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0  ~(     0 "DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS OF HALOGENS0#(2"f3" T  C ,Agcselogo2H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0  O(     0` "DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS OF HALOGENS0#(2"f3" T  C ,Agcselogo2  0, G i5HALOGENS GET LESS REACTIVE AS THE GROUP IS DESCENDED 66H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B += 0 ( }(     0 "DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS OF HALOGENS0#(2"f3" T  C ,Agcselogo2 ( 0U HALOGENS GET LESS REACTIVE AS THE GROUP IS DESCENDED THIS DECREASE IN REACTIVITY DOWN THE GROUP CAN BE DEMONSTRATED USING DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS... A DISPLACEMENT REACTION IS WHERE ONE SPECIES TAKES THE PLACE OF ANOTHER IN A COMPOUND. j6E!AW H  0޽h ? ̙33K 0 (_T (  T  T 0 "DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS OF HALOGENS0#(2"f3" T T C ,Agcselogo2F   T  / z T  T_ж_ж"` 4N  T   xB T  H_ж_жDoxB T  H_ж_жDoxB  T  H_ж_жDoF    T  3~  T  T_ж_ж"` 4N   T   xB  T  H_ж_жDoxB T  H_ж_жDoxB T  H_ж_жDoF \  T  3ZE~ T  T_ж_ж5"`  T  T # \ xB T  H_ж_жDoxB T  H_ж_жDoxB T  H_ж_жDo :T 0(() G= }#SODIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTION Colourless$$   ;T 0Tt= |"SODIUM BROMIDE SOLUTION Colourless##  F   T   xB ?T  H_ж_жDoxB @T  H_ж_жDoxB AT  H_ж_жDo BT 0/= {!SODIUM IODIDE SOLUTION Colourless""  pB CT H_ж_жDf3>FOF o\Z  DT  3|g~ ET  N_ж_ж3"`o T T  FT # o\Z xB GT  H_ж_жDoxB HT  H_ж_жDoxB IT  H_ж_жDo PT 06 sCHLORINE WATER Pale green   QT 0T; nBROMINE WATER Orange $ _T 0? f  vA SOLUTION OF THE HALOGEN IS ADDED TO A SOLUTION OF A HALIDE HALIDES ARE SALTS FORMED BETWEEN ELEMENTS AND HALOGENS 2vvH T 0޽h ? ̙33< 0 0bX p(  X  X 0G "DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS OF HALOGENS0#(2"f3" T X C ,Agcselogo2F    X  3~  X  T_ж_ж"` 4N   X   xB  X  H_ж_жDoxB X  H_ж_жDoxB X  H_ж_жDo 5X T_ж_ж"` qVA L  6X #  q\E xB 7X  H_ж_жDoxB 8X  H_ж_жDoxB 9X  H_ж_жDo ;X 0Ot= "SODIUM BROMIDE SOLUTION Colourless##  F   X   xB ?X  H_ж_жDoxB @X  H_ж_жDoxB AX  H_ж_жDo BX 0V= !SODIUM IODIDE SOLUTION Colourless""  pB CX H_ж_жDf3>FOF o\Z  DX  3|g~ EX  N_ж_ж3"`o T T  FX # o\Z xB GX  H_ж_жDoxB HX  H_ж_жDoxB IX  H_ж_жDo PX 0\] % sCHLORINE WATER Pale green   QX 0b rBROMINE WATER Orange pB RX H_ж_жDf3>U U F \  SX   E  TX  T_ж_ж5"`  T  UX # \ xB VX  H_ж_жDoxB WX  H_ж_жDoxB XX  H_ж_жDoF   YX    A  ZX  T_ж_ж"` 4N  [X   xB \X  H_ж_жDoxB ]X  H_ж_жDoxB ^X  H_ж_жDovB _X N_ж_жDԔ   `X 0Hk @^  }#SODIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTION Colourless$$   aX 0p OO INO VISIBLE REACTION bX HHt_ж_ж" =m7  b Experiment 1 2   H X 0޽h ? ̙33 0 0P pW(  P  P 0{ "DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS OF HALOGENS0#(2"f3" T P C ,Agcselogo28   P / z P  T_ж_ж"` 4N  P   xB P  H_ж_жDoxB P  H_ж_жDoxB P  H_ж_жDo ]P T_ж_ж"` qVA L  ^P #  q\E xB _P  H_ж_жDoxB `P  H_ж_жDoxB aP  H_ж_жDo bP 0x) G= #SODIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTION Colourless$$  F   dP  /t_z eP  T_ж_ж"` 4N  fP   xB gP  H_ж_жDoxB hP  H_ж_жDoxB iP  H_ж_жDo jP 0,= !SODIUM IODIDE SOLUTION Colourless""  pB kP H_ж_жDf3>FO8 o\Z  rP 3|g~ mP  T_ж_ж3"`o T T  nP # o\Z xB oP  H_ж_жDoxB pP  H_ж_жDoxB qP  H_ж_жDo {P 0؎ rBROMINE WATER Orange pB |P H_ж_жDf3>U U F \  }P   E  ~P  T_ж_ж5"`  T  P # \ xB P  H_ж_жDoxB P  H_ж_жDoxB P  H_ж_жDoF   P    A  P  T_ж_ж"` 4N  P   xB P  H_ж_жDoxB P  H_ж_жDoxB P  H_ж_жDovB P N_ж_жDԔ   P 0 % sCHLORINE WATER Pale green   P 00 @^  |"SODIUM BROMIDE SOLUTION Colourless##   P 0` LO FBROMINE produced P H|_ж_ж" =m7  b Experiment 2 2   H P 0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0 0>\ f(  \  \ 0d "DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS OF HALOGENS0#(2"f3" T \ C ,Agcselogo2F   \  / z \  T_ж_ж"` 4N  \   xB \  H_ж_жDoxB \  H_ж_жDoxB  \  H_ж_жDoF    \  3~  \  T_ж_ж"` 4N   \   xB  \  H_ж_жDoxB \  H_ж_жDoxB \  H_ж_жDo \ N_ж_ж3"` qVA L  \ #  q\E xB \  H_ж_жDoxB \  H_ж_жDoxB \  H_ж_жDo \ 0p) G= #SODIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTION Colourless$$   \ 0 t= "SODIUM BROMIDE SOLUTION Colourless##  pB $\ H_ж_жDf3>FOF o\Z  %\  3|g~ &\  N_ж_ж3"`o T T  '\ # o\Z xB (\  H_ж_жDoxB )\  H_ж_жDoxB *\  H_ж_жDo ,\ 0ȇ rBROMINE WATER Orange pB -\ H_ж_жDf3>U U F \  .\   E  /\  T_ж_ж5"`  T  0\ # \ xB 1\  H_ж_жDoxB 2\  H_ж_жDoxB 3\  H_ж_жDoF   4\    A  5\  T_ж_ж"` 4N  6\   xB 7\  H_ж_жDoxB 8\  H_ж_жDoxB 9\  H_ж_жDovB :\ N_ж_жDԔ   ;\ 0҇ % sCHLORINE WATER Pale green   <\ 0ׇ @^  {!SODIUM IODIDE SOLUTION Colourless""   =\ 0 ܇ LO EIODINE produced >\ H_ж_ж" =m7  b Experiment 3 2   H \ 0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0 0?` (  `  ` 04 "DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS OF HALOGENS0#(2"f3" T ` C ,Agcselogo2F    `  3~  `  T_ж_ж"` 4N   `   xB  `  H_ж_жDoxB `  H_ж_жDoxB `  H_ж_жDoF \  `  3ZE~ `  T_ж_ж5"`  T  ` # \ xB `  H_ж_жDoxB `  H_ж_жDoxB `  H_ж_жDo ` 0(t= "SODIUM BROMIDE SOLUTION Colourless##  F   `  /t_z `  T_ж_ж"` 4N  `   xB  `  H_ж_жDoxB !`  H_ж_жDoxB "`  H_ж_жDo #` 04= !SODIUM IODIDE SOLUTION Colourless""  pB $` H_ж_жDf3>FO +` 0 wCHLORINE WATER Pale green  L o\Z  %` #  K  &`  N_ж_ж3"`o T T  '` # o\Z xB (`  H_ж_жDoxB )`  H_ж_жDoxB *`  H_ж_жDo ` T_ж_ж\O"` qVA L  ` #  q\E xB `  H_ж_жDoxB `  H_ж_жDoxB `  H_ж_жDovB -` N_ж_жDf3>U U L   4` #   A  5`  T_ж_ж"` 4N  6`   xB 7`  H_ж_жDoxB 8`  H_ж_жDoxB 9`  H_ж_жDo|B :` T_ж_жDԔ   ;` 6 % nBROMINE WATER Orange  <` 68 @^  }#SODIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTION Colourless$$   =` 6 wDO INO VISIBLE REACTION ?` H_ж_ж" =m7  b Experiment 4 2   H ` 0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0 0qh (  h  h 0% "DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS OF HALOGENS0#(2"f3" T h C ,Agcselogo2F   h  / z h  T_ж_ж"` 4N  h   xB h  H_ж_жDoxB h  H_ж_жDoxB  h  H_ж_жDoF \  h  3ZE~ h  T_ж_ж5"`  T  h # \ xB h  H_ж_жDoxB h  H_ж_жDoxB h  H_ж_жDo h 00) G= #SODIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTION Colourless$$  F   h  /t_z h  T_ж_ж"` 4N  h   xB h  H_ж_жDoxB h  H_ж_жDoxB h  H_ж_жDo h 0\7= !SODIUM IODIDE SOLUTION Colourless""  pB h H_ж_жDf3>FO &h 0> wCHLORINE WATER Pale green  L o\Z  [h #  K  \h  N_ж_ж3"`o T T  ]h # o\Z xB ^h  H_ж_жDoxB _h  H_ж_жDoxB `h  H_ж_жDo ah T_ж_ж\O"` qVA L  bh #  q\E xB ch  H_ж_жDoxB dh  H_ж_жDoxB eh  H_ж_жDovB fh N_ж_жDf3>U U L   gh #   A  hh  T_ж_ж"` 4N  ih   xB jh  H_ж_жDoxB kh  H_ж_жDoxB lh  H_ж_жDo|B mh T_ж_жDԔ   nh 6H % nBROMINE WATER Orange  oh 6N @^  |"SODIUM BROMIDE SOLUTION Colourless##   ph 64T wDO INO VISIBLE REACTION qh H(X_ж_ж" =m7  b Experiment 5 2   H h 0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0   0?l (  l  l 0Ta "DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS OF HALOGENS0#(2"f3" T l C ,Agcselogo2F   l  / z l  T_ж_ж"` 4N  l   xB l  H_ж_жDoxB l  H_ж_жDoxB  l  H_ж_жDoF    l  3~  l  T_ж_ж"` 4N   l   xB  l  H_ж_жDoxB l  H_ж_жDoxB l  H_ж_жDoF \  l  3ZE~ l  T_ж_ж5"`  T  l # \ xB l  H_ж_жDoxB l  H_ж_жDoxB l  H_ж_жDo l 0m) G= #SODIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTION Colourless$$   l 0$rt= "SODIUM BROMIDE SOLUTION Colourless##  pB l H_ж_жDf3>FO &l 0y wCHLORINE WATER Pale green  L o\Z  )l #  K  *l  N_ж_ж3"`o T T  +l # o\Z xB ,l  H_ж_жDoxB -l  H_ж_жDoxB .l  H_ж_жDo /l T_ж_ж3"` qVA L  0l #  q\E xB 1l  H_ж_жDoxB 2l  H_ж_жDoxB 3l  H_ж_жDovB 4l N_ж_жDf3>U U L   5l #   A  6l  T_ж_ж"` 4N  7l   xB 8l  H_ж_жDoxB 9l  H_ж_жDoxB :l  H_ж_жDo|B ;l T_ж_жDԔ   l 6̍ LO EIODINE produced ?l H<_ж_ж" =m7  b Experiment 6 2   H l 0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0 d g(  d  d 6țo+  WSODIUM CHLORIDE, d 6Po n CHLORINE F  d 6o+  VSODIUM BROMIDE, d 6o+ U SODIUM IODIDE,   d 0o  ' Solution stays colourless NO REACTIOND'&   d 0$o i  ; Solution goes from colourless to orange-yellow NO REACTION@/ ; .  d 0Êo  > Solution goes from colourless to orange-yellow BROMINE FORMEDR// !  d 0ˊo i  ; Solution goes from colourless to orange-yellow NO REACTION@/ ; B  d 0`Ԋoi  4 Solution goes from colourless to red IODINE FORMED p%%    d 6ފoi  m BROMINE F < d 0o : Solution goes from colourless to orange-red IODINE FORMEDd,,   d 0 "DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS OF HALOGENS0#(2"f3" T d C ,Agcselogo2 d 0m wSUMMARY OF OBSERVATIONS0H33   d H_ж_ж"  Y1 (2  d H$_ж_ж"   Y6 (2  d HX_ж_ж"   Y5 (2  d H_ж_ж"   Y2 (2  d H_ж_ж"  Y3 (2  d H_ж_ж"   Y4 (2 ~ d H _ж_ж"  N The colour change in Experiments 4 and 5 is due to dilution  there is no reactionS(2SR H d 0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0 `Xp (   U  0T[  CHLORINE + SODIUM BROMIDE CHLORINE + SODIUM IODIDE BROMINE + SODIUM IODIDE &~(Q 1 dB  <Do s T  C ,Agcselogo2  08& "DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS OF HALOGENS0#(2"f3"   0Dm i EQUATIONS0 H 33  dB  <Do s dB  <Do s H  0޽h ? ̙33  0  J(     07[ O CHLORINE + SODIUM BROMIDE BROMINE + SODIUM CHLORIDE CHLORINE + SODIUM IODIDE IODINE + SODIUM CHLORIDE BROMINE + SODIUM IODIDE IODINE + SODIUM BROMIDE &( N dB  <Do s T  C ,Agcselogo2  0T? "DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS OF HALOGENS0#(2"f3"   0Dm i EQUATIONS0 H 33  dB  <Do s dB  <Do s H  0޽h ? ̙33  0 j b  l (  l  l 0I[ o CHLORINE + SODIUM BROMIDE BROMINE + SODIUM CHLORIDE CHLORINE + SODIUM IODIDE IODINE + SODIUM CHLORIDE BROMINE + SODIUM IODIDE IODINE + SODIUM BROMIDE F=( N dB l <Do s T l C ,Agcselogo2 l 0R "DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS OF HALOGENS0#(2"f3"  l 04Xm i EQUATIONS0 H 33  B l <DoC"? s B l <DoC"? s   l B] rCl2(aq) + NaBr(aq)  > Br2(aq) + NaCl(aq):ff ff ff f ff fff,: l <m?g T  The equation doesn t balance - multiply the formulae until it doesC@C C H l 0޽h ? ̙33N  0     (     0Tr[ o CHLORINE + SODIUM BROMIDE BROMINE + SODIUM CHLORIDE CHLORINE + SODIUM IODIDE IODINE + SODIUM CHLORIDE BROMINE + SODIUM IODIDE IODINE + SODIUM BROMIDE F=( N dB  <Do s T  C ,Agcselogo2  0dÑ "DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS OF HALOGENS0#(2"f3"   0m i EQUATIONS0 H 33  B  <DoC"? s B  <DoC"? s   B<  \nCl2(aq) + 2NaBr(aq)  > Br2(aq) + 2NaCl(aq)8ff ff ff f ff fff  Bܑ rCl2(aq) + NaBr(aq)  > Br2(aq) + NaCl(aq):     ,H  0޽h ? ̙33  0 p h 0 p  (  p  p 00[ o CHLORINE + SODIUM BROMIDE BROMINE + SODIUM CHLORIDE CHLORINE + SODIUM IODIDE IODINE + SODIUM CHLORIDE BROMINE + SODIUM IODIDE IODINE + SODIUM BROMIDE F=( N dB p <Do s T p C ,Agcselogo2 p 0` "DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS OF HALOGENS0#(2"f3"  p 0 m i EQUATIONS0 H 33  dB p <Do s dB p <Do s   p B 00  VjCl2(aq) + 2Br(aq)  > Br2(aq) + 2Cl(aq)6ff ff ff f f ffff  p BPŒ  \nCl2(aq) + 2NaBr(aq)  > Br2(aq) + 2NaCl(aq)8ff ff ff f ff fff  p HΌ_ж_ж"    bIONIC EQUATION(2 H p 0޽h ? ̙33  0 ~ v @ t  (  t  t 0Ԍ[  CHLORINE + SODIUM BROMIDE BROMINE + SODIUM CHLORIDE CHLORINE + SODIUM IODIDE IODINE + SODIUM CHLORIDE BROMINE + SODIUM IODIDE IODINE + SODIUM BROMIDE \=KO( N dB t <Do s T t C ,Agcselogo2 t 0ތ "DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS OF HALOGENS0#(2"f3"  t 0m i EQUATIONS0 H 33  dB t <Do s dB t <Do s   t Bt 0=0  RfCl2(aq) + 2I(aq)  > I2(aq) + 2Cl(aq)4ff ff ff f f ffff  t B  XjCl2(aq) + 2NaI(aq)  > I2(aq) + 2NaCl(aq)6ff ff ff f ff fff  t H4_ж_ж"    bIONIC EQUATION(2 H t 0޽h ? ̙33f  0   P x  (  x  x 0 [ e CHLORINE + SODIUM BROMIDE BROMINE + SODIUM CHLORIDE CHLORINE + SODIUM IODIDE IODINE + SODIUM CHLORIDE BROMINE + SODIUM IODIDE IODINE + SODIUM BROMIDE <N( N dB x <Do s T x C ,Agcselogo2 x 0d "DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS OF HALOGENS0#(2"f3"  x 0m i EQUATIONS0 H 33  dB x <Do s dB x <Do s   x B ! 0i/  &fBr2(aq) + 2I(aq)  > I2(aq) + 2Br(aq)4f ff ff f fff  x B+  <jBr2(aq) + 2NaI(aq)  > I2(aq) + 2NaBr(aq)6f ff ff f ff ff  x HL6_ж_ж"    bIONIC EQUATION(2 H x 0޽h ? ̙33 0 g_ (   ^  0;[  T CHLORINE + SODIUM BROMIDE BROMINE + SODIUM CHLORIDE CHLORINE + SODIUM IODIDE IODINE + SODIUM CHLORIDE BROMINE + SODIUM IODIDE IODINE + SODIUM BROMIDE THIS SHOWS THAT A MORE REACTIVE HALOGEN WILL DISPLACE A LESS REACTIVE ONE FROM AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF ITS SALT JUff3< N t dB  <Do s T  C ,Agcselogo2  0G "DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS OF HALOGENS0#(2"f3"   0Lm gSUMMARY0H33  dB  <Do s dB  <Do s H  0޽h ? ̙33R  0 y q    (   d  0S[  CHLORINE + SODIUM BROMIDE BROMINE + SODIUM CHLORIDE CHLORINE + SODIUM IODIDE IODINE + SODIUM CHLORIDE BROMINE + SODIUM IODIDE IODINE + SODIUM BROMIDE THIS SHOWS THAT A MORE REACTIVE HALOGEN WILL DISPLACE A LESS REACTIVE ONE FROM AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF ITS SALT HOWEVER, THIS REACTION DOES NOT TAKE PLACE BROMINE + SODIUM CHLORIDE CHLORINE + SODIUM BROMIDE (Bromine is below chlorine in the Group so is less reactive)V+O+Q<fD N ]E dB  <Do s T  C ,Agcselogo2  0d "DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS OF HALOGENS0#(2"f3"   0\jm i EQUATIONS0 H 33  dB  <Do s dB  <Do s F  Jn       s lB   <Do n 8T  D   # P J  fB   6D3> D fB  B 6D3> > H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B += 0 G3?3HH 2(     00s s'PRESS THE SPACE BAR TO SEE WHAT HAPPENS0('f3f3T  C ,Agcselogo2  0z "DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS OF HALOGENS0#(2"f3"   0m k EXPLANATION0 H 33  2  <8o"`}b <  l2  6jJ"`J2  Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?Ng2  Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N^}2  Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?Nm2  Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?NmX2  Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?Nl2  Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N|2  Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N}v2  Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?NnB2  Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N|Rl2  6fjJ"`sql2  6jJ"`J  <0T O17+  l2  6jJ"`B2  Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?Ngn+  0 G  +CHLORINE ATOM 17 PROTONS 17 ELECTRONS 2,8,7L,!!0  2  <DjJ"`N  <  l2  6jJ"`, ([2  Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?NL$2  Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?Nob2  Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N~a2  Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N~ 72  Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N}|2  Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N| 2  Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N b2  Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N'2 ! Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N7 l2 " 6jJ"`[., # <e5% O35+  l2 $ 6jJ"`v2 % Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?NL2 & BjJ"`   <  l2 ' 6f3jJ"`[ 2 ( Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?Nqs2 ) Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?NuV 2 * Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N~%2 + Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?NP _2 , Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N;*2 - Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?Nu92 . Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N% 2 / Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?Nu l2 0 6fjJ"`a%l2 1 6fjJ"`*l2 2 6fjJ"`x_l2 3 6fjJ"`7Yl2 4 6fjJ"`ZRl2 5 6fjJ"`Zz2 6 Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?NOb2 7 Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?NA]2 8 Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N WU2 9 Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N> 2 : Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?Ny ?2 ; Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N 2 < Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N12 = Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N12 > Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N 2 ? Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?NW= l2 @ 6f3jJ"` ^ Rl2 A 6f3jJ"`3Il2 B 6f3jJ"`L"l2 C 6f3jJ"`i l2 D 6f3jJ"`x [ l2 E 6f3jJ"`_l2 F 6f3jJ"`a+0 G 0|=  +  ,BROMIDE ION 35 PROTONS 36 ELECTRONS 2,8,18,8P-!3!!0   > H 0\R,$ 0 HTHE CHLORINE ATOM PULLS AN ELECTRON OUT OF THE OUTER SHELL OF THE BROMIDE ION  THE CHLORINE ATOM BECOMES A CHLORIDE ION AND THE BROMIDE ION BECOMES A BROMINE ATOM.FPS!H  0޽h ? ̙33- % ___PPT10 +T;ĜDy ' ͍= @B D4 ' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +Dk' =%(D{' =%(D' =4@BBBB%()?)?D9' =.7 BBBBBM 2.77778E-7 -4.44444E-6 C -0.03698 -0.02407 -0.07274 -0.04884 -0.11667 -0.04074 C -0.16059 -0.03263 -0.23316 0.03056 -0.26372 0.04931 *3>*B ppt_xB ppt_y=B0BB aaapBBrBֹr9<*@ D6' =A@BB BB0B%(D' =-g6B fade*<3<* D' =1:Bhidden*o3>+B#style.visibility<* %(D' =%(D8' =A@BB BB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*H %(D' =-g6B fade*<3<*H +p+0+ 0 ++0+H 0 +Ud 0 |ctc @b(   }  0Y | BECAUSE BROMINE ATOMS ARE LARGER THAN CHLORINE ATOMS, IT IS EASIER TO PULL ONE OF THEIR OUTER SHELL ELECTRONS OUT. 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RED-BROWN   ( <"`Dv^k @ GREY-BLACK   ) <@"`k w <LIQUID * <"`kw_ ;SOLID + <"` w  >2,8,18,7   , <"`w_  A 2,8,18,18,7  T - C ,Agcselogo2 . <P"`j e  n Br 2,8,18,8F # "  / <"`h eM  I 2,8,18,18,8F#  "   dB 0 <Do WC ^B 1 6Do !  2 <"`( k8 pSODIUM BROMIDE (NaBr)#  3 <"`*nM8 nSODIUM IODIDE (NaI)#  4 0 [GROUP VII - SUMMARY,(2ff 5 B3"` HCOLOUR OF VAPOURU 6 B3"`  A PALE YELLOW   7 B3"`  ;GREEN 8 B, 3"` u ? RED-BROWN   9 B($3"`u] <PURPLEdB : <Dok WCl ^B ; 6Dol  m B  s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0 0v(    0) n QUICK QUIZ, (2 ff    0$/6sD<4___PPT9 nELEMENTS IN GROUP 7 ARE KNOWN AS THE & & & WHAT ARE THE NAMES OF THE ELEMENTS HOW DOES THE ATOMIC NUMBER CHANGE DOWN THE GROUP? HOW DOES THE ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION CHANGE? HOW DOES THE ATOMIC SIZE (RADIUS) CHANGE? HOW MANY ELECTRONS DO THEY HAVE IN THE OUTER LEVEL? ARE THEY METALS OR NON-METALS? WHAT HAPPENS TO THEIR COLOUR DOWN THE GROUP? DO THEY GO AROUND IN PAIRS OR AS MONATOMIC GASES? WHAT HAPPENS TO THEIR STATE AT ROOM TEMPERATURE? WHAT TYPE OF COMPOUNDS DO THEY FORM WITH METALS? HOW CAN EXPLAIN THEIR RELATIVE REACTIVITY IN TERMS OF THE ATOMIC STRUCTURE? RPxN@K3 8  @`RB  s *DoE E T  C ,Agcselogo2H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0   (     0 xQUICK QUIZ - ANSWERS,(2ff (  06s'D<4___PPT9 |HALOGENS. FLUORINE, CHLORINE, BROMINE, IODINE, ASTATINE. ATOMIC NUMBER INCREASES DOWN THE GROUP. GET MORE SHELLS DOWN THE GROUP. ATOMIC SIZE INCREASES DOWN THE GROUP. THEY ALL HAVE SEVEN ELECTRONS IN THE OUTER LEVEL. THEY ARE NON-METALS. COLOUR DARKENS DOWN THE GROUP. ATOMS GO AROUND IN PAIRS OR AS DIATOMIC GASES. GO FROM GAS TO SOLID DOWN THE GROUP. THEY FORM IONIC COMPOUNDS WITH METALS. THE LARGER THEY ARE THE LESS EASILY ELECTRONS ARE GAINED AND THE LESS REACTIVE THEY BECOME. 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