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S  60 `P   P*    6, `   R*  H  0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.0 0X8(   $+ X X 0 P    >*  X 0L     @*  X 6 `P   >*  X 6$ `   @* H X 0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.= | 0L0 0!(    0`  5GROUP 1 The alkali metals A guide for GCSE students b5(8(26f<fff  0(H OKNOCKHARDY PUBLISHING(2 fJ  C "A KTRE: .  <̙? x @ 0 0  <̙? x @ 0 0T  C ,Agcselogo2  0"`>B 2010 SPECIFICATIONSH0 G$G  B  s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +< 0L0 KC(    0]H@} CGROUP I (2 fK  04bpg   INTRODUCTION This Powerpoint show is one of several produced to help students understand selected GCSE Chemistry topics. It is based on the requirements of the AQA specification but is suitable for other examination boards. Individual students may use the material at home for revision purposes and it can also prove useful for classroom teaching with an interactive white board. Additional Powerpoints, and the full range of AS and A2 Chemistry topics, are available from the KNOCKHARDY WEBSITE at... www.knockhardy.org.uk~ (2 2(2 ! > k ddB  <D?  T  C ,Agcselogo2  N|̙))? & -All diagrams and animations in this Powerpoint are original and created by Jonathan Hopton. Permission must be obtained for their use in any commercial work.$CH$   &  C z  bA޽h @ ?Parchment ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +  0L0   @  8 (     00rC"?0  A CONTENTS Introduction Group trends Group similarities Flame tests Reaction with water Reaction with halogens Summary Quick quizb 202x 2!!L  G  0C"? n@ 0 0  6C"? y@ 0 0  6C"?x @ 0 0  6C"? @ 0 0  6C"? @ 0 0  6C"? x @ 0 0   0H@} CGROUP I (2 f   6C"?L " @ 0 0T   C ,Agcselogo2   6C"?  @ 0 0   6C"? } @ 0 0B  s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0 d L(  d  d 0 X INTRODUCTION0 (2 f3T d C ,Agcselogo2H d 0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0 P$ U(     0$ X INTRODUCTION0 (2 f3T  C ,Agcselogo2  H_ж_жS" ?7   H_ж_жS" ?n U   H_ж_жS" ?2U   H_ж_жS" ? B w  H_ж_жS" ?t U    H_ж_жS" ?U 7   0tL 6THE ALKALI METALS ARE IN GROUP I OF THE PERIODIC TABLE.7H6!6   H8_ж_ж" X* =Group 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 > 2>=   H_ж_ж" g:#' S0 2   N_ж_ж31" =  N_ж_жf1" =  T_ж_жRx1"`=  T_ж_ж3{1"`=u   N_ж_ж1S" ?s =_   6h̐?C"?iW JLi,  6<ѐ?C"?Ug~ DNa&  6Ր?C"?Ugq CK&  6ِ?C"?Yk_  fRb. ! N_ж_ж1S" ?Q <7  " 6Xސ?C"?e Ug%  DFr& # N?jJ?"6?@`NNN?Nu =[  $ 6,h?C"?} Yk=  DCs&H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0 &@P (  P  P 0T X INTRODUCTION0 (2 f3T P C ,Agcselogo2 P H_ж_жS" ?7  P H_ж_жS" ?n U  P H_ж_жS" ?2U  P H_ж_жS" ? B w P H_ж_жS" ?t U   P H_ж_жS" ?U 7   P 0 L 6THE ALKALI METALS ARE IN GROUP I OF THE PERIODIC TABLE.7H6!6   P H_ж_ж" X* =Group 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 > 2>=   P H_ж_ж" g:#' S0 2   P N_ж_ж31" = P N_ж_жf1" = P T_ж_жRx1"`= P T_ж_ж3{1"`=u  P N_ж_ж1S" ?[ =G  P 6\?C"?iW JLi, P 64?C"?Ug~ DNa& P 6 ?C"?Ugq CK& P 6\?C"?Yk_  fRb. P N?jJ?"6?@`NNN?Nu =[  P 6?C"?w ]o7  DFr& P 0 L  eTHEY ARE VERY REACTIVE METALS AND HAVE ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATIONS WITH ONE ELECTRON IN THE OUTER SHELLfHf P 6?C"?} Yk=  DCs&H P 0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +U 0 |tp  (     0$ \GROUP PROPERTIES0(2f3  0(D0y TGENERAL " metals " exist as separate diatomic molecules& eg Cl2 " have one electron in their outer shell " form positive ions with a 1+ charge " vigorous reaction with water and halides r@!9 .= T  C ,Agcselogo2H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0 PT H(  T  T 0<9 \GROUP PROPERTIES0(2f3 T 0<D0y hGENERAL " metals " exist as separate diatomic molecules& eg Cl2 " have one electron in their outer shell " form positive ions with a 1+ charge " vigorous reaction with water and halides @9.= T T C ,Agcselogo2  T 0Hy0  TRENDS " melting point " hardness " electronic configuration " atomic size " ionic size " reactivityv@! H T 0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0 $ L(  $  $ 0 Y X GROUP TRENDS0 (2 f3T $ C ,Agcselogo2H $ 0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0 `(X ^(  X  X 0a X GROUP TRENDS0 (2 f3 X 0et D APPEARANCE  !T X C ,Agcselogo2 X 6ijJ"`W iDensity / gcm-3>   X <HojJ"` <Li X 6rfjJB  HNa* X <8w{jJ"`B  7K X 6zfjJ VRb X <~jJ"` R0.532 X 6hfjJB  L0.97, X <{jJ"`B  :0.86 X 6TfjJ >1.53 X TL?jJ?"6?@`NNN?N# 8Cs X 6 jJ"`# :1.87 X 6XjJ"`W T Appearance.   X <ܚjJ"` X Grey solid2   X 6hfjJB  R Grey solid,    X <{jJ"`B  @ Grey solid   !X 6짞fjJ D Grey solid   "X TT?jJ?"6?@`NNN?N# @ Grey solid   #X 6ȯjJ"`Wh T Flame test.   $X <0jJ"`h UCrimson2 %X 6ļfjJB h O Yellow,f &X <p{jJ"`B h WLilac  'X 6`ŞfjJh D Red-violet   (X Tɞ?jJ?"6?@`NNN?N#h A Blue-violet  H X 0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0  (C, (  ,  , 0Ξ X GROUP TRENDS0 (2 f3 , 0Ӟ { `,DECREASES down Group as the atoms get larger-- , 0מt D APPEARANCE  ! , 0l۞( s"  G MELTING POINT! , 6ǞjJ W  vMelting point / CH"T ", C ,Agcselogo2 #, <<jJ"`   <Li $, 6XfjJ B  HNa* %, <{jJ"` B   7K &, 6fjJ   VRb ', <jJ"`   S180.72 (, 6fjJ B  J98, ), <{jJ"` B   :63.8 *, 6DfjJ   >39.2 +, T8?jJ?"6?@`NNN?N #  8Cs ,, T ?jJ?"6?@`NNN?N #  :43.2 -, 6DjJ"`W iDensity / gcm-3>   ., <hjJ"` <Li /, 6dfjJB  HNa* 0, <{jJ"`B  7K 1, 6H fjJ VRb 2, <@$jJ"` R0.532 3, 6 (fjJB  L0.97, 4, <-{jJ"`B  :0.86 5, 61.53 6, T3?jJ?"6?@`NNN?N# 8Cs 7, 6P7jJ"`# :1.87 8, 6l;jJ"`W T Appearance.   9, <?jJ"` X Grey solid2   :, 6\DfjJB  R Grey solid,   ;, <I{jJ"`B  @ Grey solid   <, 6LfjJ D Grey solid   =, TP?jJ?"6?@`NNN?N# @ Grey solid   >, 6TjJ"`Wh T Flame test.   ?, <PYjJ"`h UCrimson2 @, 6]fjJB h O Yellow,f A, <a{jJ"`B h WLilac  B, 6efjJh D Red-violet   C, Ti?jJ?"6?@`NNN?N#h A Blue-violet  H , 0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0 Lh (  h  h 0|o X GROUP TRENDS0 (2 f3 h 6sjJ@ U Configuration,  h 0 yt RELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION! h 6|jJ"`@ U Atomic Number, T h C ,Agcselogo2 h <jJ"`D <Li  h 6fjJD  HNa*  h <{jJ"`  7K  h 6<2fjJ% VRb  h <8jJ"`D O32  h 6ĕfjJD  J11, h <{jJ"`  819 h 6fjJ% <37 h T?jJ?"6?@`NNN?N% 8Cs h T`?jJ?"6?@`NNN?N% 855 h <XjJ"`D Q2,12 h 6fjJD  M2,8,1, h <ذ{jJ"`  =2,8,8,1 h 6fjJ% D 2,8,18,8,1   h T|?jJ?"6?@`NNN?N% C 2,8,18,18,8,1H h 0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +?8 0 f7^7Ld0 6(  0  0 0D X GROUP TRENDS0 (2 f3 0 0 h" electrons go into shells further from the nucleus55  0 6ƢjJ@ U Configuration,   0 0`ˢt RELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION! 0 6dɢjJ"`@ U Atomic Number, T 0 C ,Agcselogo2  0 <ԢjJ"`D <Li !0 6 ҢfjJD  HNa* "0 <ܢ{jJ"`  7K #0 6xfjJ% VRb $0 <PjJ"`D O32 %0 6pfjJD  J11, &0 <{jJ"`  819 '0 68fjJ% <37 (0 T ?jJ?"6?@`NNN?N% 8Cs )0 T?jJ?"6?@`NNN?N% 855 *0 <DjJ"`D Q2,12 +0 6@fjJD  M2,8,1, ,0 < {jJ"`  =2,8,8,1 -0 6fjJ% D 2,8,18,8,1   .0 TT ?jJ?"6?@`NNN?N% C 2,8,18,18,8,1 F w  /0  ` M 2 00  <o"`w  <  t2 10  6jJ"` I 2 20  Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?Nm . 2 30  Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N  s2 40  Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N  2 50  Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?NX 2 60  Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N  2 70  Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N  2 80  Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N   2 90  Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?NH  2 :0  Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?NX  t2 ;0  6jJ"`o  St2 <0  6jJ"`O   =0  <% V  O11+  t2 >0  6jJ"` e 72 ?0  Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?Nm  F    @0   o t2 A0  6o"`T  2 B0  Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N L 2 C0  Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N  t2 D0  6jJ"`  t2 E0  6jJ"` T  F0  < M  N3+  t2 G0  6jJ"`f 8 ;F 8J4I  H0  '#2 I0  <4$jJ"`1Z  <  t2 J0  6jJ"`2 K0  Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?NJg2 L0  Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N}2 M0  Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N!2 N0  Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?NX!2 O0  Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N 2 P0  Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N02 Q0  Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N}* 2 R0  Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N"B2 S0  Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N0Rt2 T0  6jJ"` U0  <) O19+  t2 V0  6jJ"`BS2 W0  Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?Ng"2 X0  B4/o"`84I  <  t2 Y0  6jJ"`Jq2 Z0  Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?Nln2 [0  Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?NXi2 \0  Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N1P2 ]0  Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N%:  2 ^0  Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N X 2 _0  Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?NXl2 `0  Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?NPd2 a0  Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N( b0 03D w LITHIUM 2,1,    c0 08 D f SODIUM 2,8,1    d0 0=1eD kPOTASSIUM 2,8,8,1  H 0 0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0 l R(  l  l 0C X GROUP TRENDS0 (2 f3 l <`IjJ"` <Li l 6PMfjJB  HNa* l <DQ{jJ"`B  7K l 6TfjJ VRb l 0Xt G ATOMIC RADIUS!  l <\jJ"` S0.1522  l 6`fjJB  M0.185,  l <e{jJ"`B  ;0.227  l 6hfjJ ?0.247  l 6 ljJW ZAtomic radius / nm,T l C ,Agcselogo2 l Tp?jJ?"6?@`NNN?N# 8Cs l Txt?jJ?"6?@`NNN?N# ;0.2652 l N_ж_ж"`i2 l N_ж_жf"` . 2 l T_ж_ж"` 2 l T?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N>2 l T?jJ?"6?@`NNN?NWg l 6y?C"?A( JLi, l 6(~?C"? dRb, l 6Ԃ?C"?q X BNa$ l 6?C"?, ] EK( l T8?jJ?"6?@`NNN?Nh 8CsH l 0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0 &8 T(  8  8 0 X GROUP TRENDS0 (2 f3 8 0y g  F ATOMIC RADIUS INCREASES down Group " the greater the atomic number the more electrons there are; these go into shells increasingly further from the nucleus8 ! 8 <$jJ"` <Li 8 6fjJB  HNa* 8 <{jJ"`B  7K 8 6,fjJ VRb 8 0حt G ATOMIC RADIUS!  8 <jJ"` S0.1522  8 6\fjJB  M0.185,  8 <{jJ"`B  ;0.227  8 6 fjJ ?0.247  8 6£jJW ZAtomic radius / nm,T 8 C ,Agcselogo2 8 Tǣ?jJ?"6?@`NNN?N# 8Cs 8 Tˣ?jJ?"6?@`NNN?N# ;0.2652 8 N_ж_ж"`i2 8 N_ж_жf"` . 2 8 T_ж_ж"` 2 8 T?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N>2  8 T?jJ?"6?@`NNN?NWg !8 6У?C"?A( JLi, "8 64գ?C"? dRb, #8 6xڣ?C"?q X BNa$ $8 6ޣ?C"?, ] EK( %8 T<?jJ?"6?@`NNN?Nh 8CsH 8 0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +& 0 %%/?4 %(  4  4 0 X GROUP TRENDS0 (2 f3 4 0t OATOMIC & IONIC RADIUS!T 4 C ,Agcselogo2 4 <PjJ"` <Li 4 6HfjJB  HNa* 4 <{jJ"`B  7K 4 6DDfjJ VRb 4 <DjJ"` S0.1522 4 6DfjJB  M0.185, 4 < D{jJ"`B  ;0.227 4 6DfjJ ?0.247 4 6DjJW ZAtomic radius / nm, 4 TD?jJ?"6?@`NNN?N# 8Cs 4 TD?jJ?"6?@`NNN?N# ;0.2652 4 N_ж_ж"`i2 4 N_ж_жf"` . 2  4 T_ж_ж"` 2 !4 T?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N>2 "4 T?jJ?"6?@`NNN?NWg #4 6D?C"?A( JLi, $4 6$D?C"? dRb, %4 6)D?C"?q X BNa$ &4 6-D?C"?, ] EK( '4 T@2D? jJ?"6?@`NNN?Nh 8Cs )4 <6DjJ"`V 6  gLi+H/ *4 6  UNa+6   74 60xD?C"? 2 c  XK+:   84 T}D? jJ?"6?@`NNN?N   ICs+*  >4 0(D z d IONIC RADIUS INCREASES down Group " ions are smaller than atoms - the removal of an electron means that there are now fewer shells*!H 4 0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0 ` v(     04 GROUP SIMILARITIES0(2f3  T  C ,Agcselogo2H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +A 0 h`8t (  t  t 04D GROUP SIMILARITIES0(2f3  T t C ,Agcselogo2 t 0$Dt G ION FORMATION! t 6@DjJq# U Configuration,  t 6DjJ"`q# KIon, t <4DjJ"`#n <Li  t 6$DfjJn  HNa*  t <dD{jJ"`  7K  t 6ĨDfjJO VRb  t <DjJ"`#n QLi+2  t 6HDfjJn  ]Na+>  t <DD{jJ"`  HK+*  t 6DDfjJO kRb+2 t TоD?jJ?"6?@`NNN?NOp 8Cs  t ThD?jJ?"6?@`NNN?NOp ICs+*  t <DjJ"`#n O22 t 6DfjJn  K2,8, t <D{jJ"`  ;2,8,8 t 6DfjJO B2,8,18,8   t TD?jJ?"6?@`NNN?NOp A 2,8,18,18,8  H t 0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0 8p z(  p  p 0D GROUP SIMILARITIES0(2f3  T p C ,Agcselogo2 p 0Dt G ION FORMATION!z p 0@D  " atoms  lose one electron to form a positive ion of charge 1+ " ions are smaller than atoms " the larger the atom the easier it forms an ion because the electron being removed is further from the nucleus 0a ?5  p 6|jJq# U Configuration,  p 6|jJ"`q# KIon, p <4 |jJ"`#n <Li  p 6T|fjJn  HNa*  p < |{jJ"`  7K  p 6 |fjJO VRb  p <|jJ"`#n QLi+2  p 6|fjJn  ]Na+>  p < #|{jJ"`  HK+*  p 6'|fjJO kRb+2 p Tx,|?jJ?"6?@`NNN?NOp 8Cs  p T$0|?jJ?"6?@`NNN?NOp ICs+*  p <d4|jJ"`#n O22 p 68|fjJn  K2,8, p <0=|{jJ"`  ;2,8,8 p 6@|fjJO B2,8,18,8   p T  .L <|{jJ"`  HK+*  /L 6|fjJO kRb+2 0L T|?jJ?"6?@`NNN?NOp 8Cs  1L T|?jJ?"6?@`NNN?NOp ICs+*  2L <|jJ"`#n O22 3L 6|fjJn  K2,8, 4L <|{jJ"`  ;2,8,8 5L 6|fjJO B2,8,18,8   6L T|?jJ?"6?@`NNN?NOp A 2,8,18,18,8   F w  >L   > o2 ?L  <|o"`w  <  t2 @L  6jJ"` I 2 AL  Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?Nm . 2 BL  Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N  s2 CL  Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N  2 DL  Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?NX 2 EL  Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N  2 FL  Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N  2 GL  Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N   2 HL  Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?NH  2 IL  Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?NX  t2 JL  6jJ"`o  St2 KL  6jJ"`O   LL  <x|% V  O11+  t2 ML  6jJ"` e 72 NL  Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?Nm   8 6 P `L G 3z2 QL  <o"`` 2 RL   `?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N; X 2 SL   `?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?NQ 2 TL   `?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N P/2 UL   `?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N &/2 VL   `?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?Nk . 2 WL   `?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?Nk>2 XL   `?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?NQ>2 YL   `?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N 0 2 ZL   `?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N&>z2 \L  <jJ"` ` ]L  B| $Y O11+  z2 ^L  <jJ"` e2 _L   `?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N;6   aL 0|. # #SODIUM ATOM 11 PROTONS 11 ELECTRONSZ$!!   L 0|9 G "SODIUM ION 11 PROTONS 10 ELECTRONSZ#!!  H L 0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +H 0 ogp \ (  \  \ 0X| GROUP SIMILARITIES0(2f3  T \ C ,Agcselogo2 \ 0|t G ION FORMATION~ \ 0|  " atoms  lose one electron to form a positive ion of charge 1+ " ions are smaller than atoms " the larger the atom the easier it forms an ion because the electron being removed is further from the nucleus 0a ?5  \ 04|a| t" reactivity increases down the Group as atoms get larger;; \ 6(|jJC"?Iy NIncreasingly reactive vB \ N_ж_жDԔHpB  \ H_ж_жDԔ#;  \ 6 |jJq# U Configuration,   \ 6|jJ"`q# KIon,  \ <\jJ"`#n <Li  \ 6fjJn  HNa* \ < {jJ"`  7K \ 6D fjJO VRb \ <jJ"`#n QLi+2 \ 6hfjJn  ]Na+>  \ <@{jJ"`  HK+*  \ 6"fjJO kRb+2 \ T?jJ?"6?@`NNN?NOp 8Cs  \ T?jJ?"6?@`NNN?NOp ICs+*  \ <)jJ"`#n O22 \ 60fjJn  K2,8, \ <$3{jJ"`  ;2,8,8 \ 6@7fjJO B2,8,18,8   \ T:?jJ?"6?@`NNN?NOp A 2,8,18,18,8   \ <AjJ"`9 S <Li \ 6TDfjJ9   HNa* \ <@I{jJ"`9 4  7K \ 6OfjJ9 4  VRb \ TQ?jJ?"6?@`NNN?N9  8Cs  \ 0U t  D REACTIVITY  !H \ 0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0L0 x K(  x  x 0] W FLAME TESTS0 (2 f3T x C ,Agcselogo2B x s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0L0 ` <(  < < 0|g W FLAME TESTS0 (2 f39 < 0gsc\TL___PPT9.& uSOME METALS CAN BE IDENTIFIED BY FLAME TESTS A SAMPLE OF ONE OF THEIR SALTS IS PLACED IN A BUNSEN FLAME THE HEAT OF THE FLAME GIVES ELECTRONS ENERGY THE ELECTRONS THEN GIVE OUT ENERGY AS LIGHTl-@@;@@Z@-   @`T  < C ,Agcselogo2B < s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0L0 P (    0 z W FLAME TESTS0 (2 f39  0Zsc\TL___PPT9.& uSOME METALS CAN BE IDENTIFIED BY FLAME TESTS A SAMPLE OF ONE OF THEIR SALTS IS PLACED IN A BUNSEN FLAME THE HEAT OF THE FLAME GIVES ELECTRONS ENERGY THE ELECTRONS THEN GIVE OUT ENERGY AS LIGHTl-@@;@@Z@-   @` F !    0' ` + Cu Na Ba K Ca&,@+&    @`  0x ` { NORMAL BUNSEN(H    @`H  0ܰ! t BLUE- BRIGHT APPLE LILAC BRICK GREEN YELLOW GREEN RED&u@t u  @`X  C (Aflamesg T   C ,Agcselogo2B  s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0L0 p@(  @ @ 0н W FLAME TESTS0 (2 f39 @ 0hsc\TL___PPT9.& uSOME METALS CAN BE IDENTIFIED BY FLAME TESTS A SAMPLE OF ONE OF THEIR SALTS IS PLACED IN A BUNSEN FLAME THE HEAT OF THE FLAME GIVES ELECTRONS ENERGY THE ELECTRONS THEN GIVE OUT ENERGY AS LIGHTl-@@;@@Z@-   @`T @ C ,Agcselogo2 @ 0s  A LINE SPECTRUM IS PRODUCED8@ !    @`B @ s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0L0  `(    0? W FLAME TESTS0 (2 f3L  C $A RBOWG"     0H: (  _CONTINUOUS SPECTRUM(2  T   C ,Agcselogo2  0s  A LINE SPECTRUM IS PRODUCED8@ !    @`9  0sc\TL___PPT9.& uSOME METALS CAN BE IDENTIFIED BY FLAME TESTS A SAMPLE OF ONE OF THEIR SALTS IS PLACED IN A BUNSEN FLAME THE HEAT OF THE FLAME GIVES ELECTRONS ENERGY THE ELECTRONS THEN GIVE OUT ENERGY AS LIGHTl-@@;@@Z@-   @`B  s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +6  0L0 E=p  (     0 W FLAME TESTS0 (2 f3L  C $A RBOWG"  X  0 RB  s *D3> RB  s *D3> RB  s *D>   0H: (  _CONTINUOUS SPECTRUM(2    0T c; ] LINE SPECTRUM (2!  T  C ,Agcselogo2  0s  A LINE SPECTRUM IS PRODUCED8@ !    @`9  0,sc\TL___PPT9.& uSOME METALS CAN BE IDENTIFIED BY FLAME TESTS A SAMPLE OF ONE OF THEIR SALTS IS PLACED IN A BUNSEN FLAME THE HEAT OF THE FLAME GIVES ELECTRONS ENERGY THE ELECTRONS THEN GIVE OUT ENERGY AS LIGHTl-@@;@@Z@-   @`B  s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +!  0L0 0 (  D(  D D 07 W FLAME TESTS0 (2 f3L D C $A RBOWG"  X D 0 RB D s *D3> RB D s *D3> RB D s *D>   D 05: (  cCONTINUOUS SPECTRUM (2    D 0xAT c; ] LINE SPECTRUM (2!  T  D C ,Agcselogo2  D 08FWp> 3EACH METAL HAS ITS OWN CHARACTERISTIC LINE SPECTRUM4(24 4   D 0TMs  A LINE SPECTRUM IS PRODUCED8@ !    @`9 D 0fsc\TL___PPT9.& uSOME METALS CAN BE IDENTIFIED BY FLAME TESTS A SAMPLE OF ONE OF THEIR SALTS IS PLACED IN A BUNSEN FLAME THE HEAT OF THE FLAME GIVES ELECTRONS ENERGY THE ELECTRONS THEN GIVE OUT ENERGY AS LIGHTl-@@;@@Z@-   @`B D s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0  V(     0H bREACTIONS OF ALKALI METALS,(2ffT  C ,Agcselogo2H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +d 0 <| (  |  | 03D{ ]REACTIVITY INCREASES DOWN THE GROUP The further the outer shell electron is from the nucleus, the easier it is to remove and the easier it becomes to form a positive ion. Because of this, alkali metals get more reactive as you go down the group.J!!T 9| C ,Agcselogo2 :| 0 bREACTIONS OF ALKALI METALS,(2ffH | 0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +, 0 ,,<_ +(    0x 3D{ ]REACTIVITY INCREASES DOWN THE GROUP The further the outer shell electron is from the nucleus, the easier it is to remove and the easier it becomes to form a positive ion. Because of this, alkali metals get more reactive as you go down the group.J!!  0H  w LITHIUM 2,1,   A 8 w  Z# 2 ! Bo"`w  <  z2 " <jJ"` I 2 #  `?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?Nm . 2 $  `?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N  s2 %  `?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N  2 &  `?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?NX 2 '  `?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N  2 (  `?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N  2 )  `?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N   2 *  `?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?NH  2 +  `?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?NX  z2 , <jJ"`o  Sz2 . <jJ"`O   / B<% V  O11+  z2 0 <jJ"` e 72 1  `?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?Nm  8    ?O z2 3 <o"`T  2 4  `?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N L 2 5  `?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N  z2 6 <jJ"`  z2 8 <jJ"` T  9 B' M  N3+  z2 : <jJ"`f 8  ; 0H,  H f SODIUM 2,8,1   -8 8J4I  Y 2 @ <$jJ"`1Z  <  t2 A 6jJ"`2 B Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?NJg2 C Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N}2 D Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N!2 E Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?NX!2 F Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N 2 G Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N02 H Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N}* 2 I Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N"B2 J Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N0Rt2 L 6jJ"` M <7 O19+  t2 N 6jJ"`BS2 O Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?Ng"2 P B<o"`84I  <  t2 K 6jJ"`Jq2 Q Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?Nln2 R Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?NXi2 S Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N1P2 T Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N%:  2 U Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N X 2 V Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?NXl2 W Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?NPd2 X Z?fjJ?"6?@`NNN?N( [ 0@0 = kPOTASSIUM 2,8,8,1  T \ C ,Agcselogo2 ] 0 F bREACTIONS OF ALKALI METALS,(2ffvB ^ N_ж_жD!Ԕ`N`+ _ 0dMC"?,+ ;GETS INCREASINGLY EASIER TO REMOVE THE OUTER SHELL ELECTRONT<'!!!!H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0  O(     0Z [REACTION WITH WATER,(2ffT  C ,Agcselogo2H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0 b(    0c [REACTION WITH WATER,(2ff   0 i?sD<4___PPT9 _GROUP I METALS REACT WITH COLD WATER THE REACTIVITY INCREASES DOWN THE GROUP HYDROGEN GAS IS PRODUCED A METAL HYDROXIDE IS FORMED GROUP I HYDROXIDES ARE WHITE CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS THE HYDROXIDES DISSOLVE IN WATER TO GIVE ALKALINE SOLUTIONS,Px3   @`T  C ,Agcselogo2H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0  T(    0P~ [REACTION WITH WATER,(2ff  0?sD<4___PPT9 SGROUP I METALS REACT WITH COLD WATER THE REACTIVITY INCREASES DOWN THE GROUP HYDROGEN GAS IS PRODUCED A METAL HYDROXIDE IS FORMED GROUP I HYDROXIDES ARE WHITE CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS THE HYDROXIDES DISSOLVE IN WATER TO GIVE ALKALINE SOLUTIONS Px   @`   0<H H  iLITHIUMXx   @`%   0("`   UFLOATS STEADILY GIVES OFF A GAS CLEAR ALKALINE SOLUTION LEFT LITHIUM HYDROXIDE FORMEDVPxV V  @`T   C ,Agcselogo2H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0 )! (      0 [REACTION WITH WATER,(2ff   0X?sD<4___PPT9 SGROUP I METALS REACT WITH COLD WATER THE REACTIVITY INCREASES DOWN THE GROUP HYDROGEN GAS IS PRODUCED A METAL HYDROXIDE IS FORMED GROUP I HYDROXIDES ARE WHITE CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS THE HYDROXIDES DISSOLVE IN WATER TO GIVE ALKALINE SOLUTIONS Px   @`   0䴆H H  lSODIUM Xx   @`J   0†"` - zFLOATS AND MOVES ABOUT MELTS TO A SPHERE GIVES OFF A GAS YELLOW FLAME CLEAR ALKALINE SOLUTION LEFT SODIUM HYDROXIDE FORMED{Px{ {  @`T   C ,Agcselogo2\   C 4A naonwateranim    0,dU? q ANIMATION" Xx 3   @`H   0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0 <4$(  $Z $ C 2A konwateranim  $ 0K [REACTION WITH WATER,(2ff $ 0φ?sD<4___PPT9 SGROUP I METALS REACT WITH COLD WATER THE REACTIVITY INCREASES DOWN THE GROUP HYDROGEN GAS IS PRODUCED A METAL HYDROXIDE IS FORMED GROUP I HYDROXIDES ARE WHITE CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS THE HYDROXIDES DISSOLVE IN WATER TO GIVE ALKALINE SOLUTIONS Px   @`  $ 0 H H   POTASSIUM0 Xx 3   @`L  $ 0Ն"`  |FLOATS AND MOVES ABOUT VIGOROUS REACTION GIVES OFF A GAS LILAC FLAME CLEAR ALKALINE SOLUTION LEFT POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE FORMED}Px} }  @`T  $ C ,Agcselogo2 $ 0dU? q ANIMATION" Xx 3   @`H $ 0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +u 0  (,(  ( ( 0 [REACTION WITH WATER,(2ff ( 0?sD<4___PPT9 SGROUP I METALS REACT WITH COLD WATER THE REACTIVITY INCREASES DOWN THE GROUP HYDROGEN GAS IS PRODUCED A METAL HYDROXIDE IS FORMED GROUP I HYDROXIDES ARE WHITE CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS THE HYDROXIDES DISSOLVE IN WATER TO GIVE ALKALINE SOLUTIONS Px   @`  ( 0 H H  ~RUBIDIUM0 Xx3   @`  ( 0<"`   zWHAT WOULD YOU EXPECT?Xx   @`T  ( C ,Agcselogo2H ( 0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0  (    0t! fREACTION WITH WATER- Equations,(2ffpB  HD>    0,0fL p G SODIUM + WATER SODIUM HYDROXIDE + HYDROGENHPxH H  @`  01J  eWrite out the word equation@  T  C ,Agcselogo2H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0  }(   pB  HD>   0dMHh %K Na + H2O NaOH + H2zLPx!!0!!!&-    @`   0EfL p G SODIUM + WATER SODIUM HYDROXIDE + HYDROGENHPxH H  @`  0[J  eWrite out the word equation@    0pat H `Write out the formulae@  pB  HD!># T  C ,Agcselogo2  0B fREACTION WITH WATER- Equations,(2ffH  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +  0 ' (  pB  HD>   0# 2   0(c  If the equation doesn t balance, multiply the formulae until it doesE@E E T  C ,Agcselogo2  0Tc fREACTION WITH WATER- Equations,(2ffH  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +)  0 P H    (   pB  HD>   0lHh %K Na + H2O NaOH + H2zLPx!!0!!!&-    @`   0fL p G SODIUM + WATER SODIUM HYDROXIDE + HYDROGENHPxH H  @`  0hJ  eWrite out the word equation@    0t H `Write out the formulae@  pB  HD!>#    0\ʉs   IK Na + 2H2O NaOH + H2LPx!!!0!!!&-    @`2   0‰(c  If the equation doesn t balance, multiply the formulae until it doesE@E E pB   HD!> # T   C ,Agcselogo2   0h fREACTION WITH WATER- Equations,(2ffH  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +8  0 _ W   (   pB  HD>   0։Hh %K Na + H2O NaOH + H2zLPx!!0!!!&-    @`   0߉fL p G SODIUM + WATER SODIUM HYDROXIDE + HYDROGENHPxH H  @`  0J  eWrite out the word equation@    0 8  /K Na + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2LPx!!!!!! L  @`  0Pt H `Write out the formulae@  pB   HD!>#    0s   IK Na + 2H2O NaOH + H2LPx!!!0!!!&-    @`2   0(c  If the equation doesn t balance, multiply the formulae until it doesE@E E pB   HD!> # pB   HD!> # T  C ,Agcselogo2  0 fREACTION WITH WATER- Equations,(2ffH  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +& 0 ME (   pB  HD>   0-Hh %K Na + H2O NaOH + H2zLPx!!0!!!&-    @`   081fL p G SODIUM + WATER SODIUM HYDROXIDE + HYDROGENHPxH H  @`  0TDJ  eWrite out the word equation@    0H 8  /K Na + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2LPx!!!!!! L  @`  0Lt H `Write out the formulae@  pB   HD!>#    0Gs   IK Na + 2H2O NaOH + H2LPx!!!0!!!&-    @`2   0xb(c  If the equation doesn t balance, multiply the formulae until it doesE@E E pB   HD!> # pB   HD!> #   0o   AK 2Na + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2LPx!!!!!! L  @`pB  HD!>t  t   0w,d eThe equation is balanced.H  T  C ,Agcselogo2  0 fREACTION WITH WATER- Equations,(2ffH  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0  ,W(  , , 0l L LITHIUM + WATER LITHIUM HYDROXIDE + HYDROGENMPxM M  @`pB , HD!>h hg , 0  G 2Li + 2H2O 2LiOH + H2zHPx !!&!!! H  @`T , C ,Agcselogo2 , 0 fREACTION WITH WATER- Equations,(2ffH , 0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0 0 0R(  0pB 0 HD!>h hg 0 0и  G 2Li + 2H2O 2LiOH + H2zHPx !!&!!! H  @`pB 0 HD!> g 0 0ы> G 2Na + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2zHPx !!&!!! H  @` 0 0ʋ L LITHIUM + WATER LITHIUM HYDROXIDE + HYDROGENMPxM M  @`  0 0݋y<D J SODIUM + WATER SODIUM HYDROXIDE + HYDROGENKPxK K  @`T  0 C ,Agcselogo2  0 0 fREACTION WITH WATER- Equations,(2ffH 0 0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +m  0   @ 4$ (  4pB 4 HD!>h hg 4 0  G 2Li + 2H2O 2LiOH + H2zHPx !!&!!! H  @`pB 4 HD!> g 4 04 > G 2Na + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2zHPx !!&!!! H  @` 4 0    POTASSIUM + WATER  Px    @` 4 0(  RUBIDIUM + WATER Px    @`  4 0\* L LITHIUM + WATER LITHIUM HYDROXIDE + HYDROGENMPxM M  @`   4 0,y<D J SODIUM + WATER SODIUM HYDROXIDE + HYDROGENKPxK K  @`T  4 C ,Agcselogo2  4 0 fREACTION WITH WATER- Equations,(2ffH 4 0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0   P8K (  8pB 8 HD!>h hg 8 0<  G 2Li + 2H2O 2LiOH + H2zHPx !!&!!! H  @`pB 8 HD!> g 8 0B> G 2Na + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2zHPx !!&!!! H  @`  8 0D\   K POTASSIUM + WATER POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE + HYDROGENLPxL L  @`pB 8 HD!>8 8 e  8 0s   E 2K + 2H2O 2KOH + H2zFPx !!%!!! F  @`  8 0j88 N RUBIDIUM + WATER RUBIDIUM HYDROXIDE + HYDROGENOPxO O  @`pB  8 HD!> g  8 0 & G 2Rb + 2H2O 2RbOH + H2zHPx !!&!!! H  @`  8 0Ą L LITHIUM + WATER LITHIUM HYDROXIDE + HYDROGENMPxM M  @`  8 0{y<D J SODIUM + WATER SODIUM HYDROXIDE + HYDROGENKPxK K  @`T 8 C ,Agcselogo2 8 0z fREACTION WITH WATER- Equations,(2ffH 8 0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0 0 R(   T  C ,Agcselogo2  0\H ^REACTION WITH HALOGENS,(2ffH  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0   T(   T  C ,Agcselogo2  0H ^REACTION WITH HALOGENS,(2ff  03D TALKALI METALS REACT VIGOROUSLY WITH HALOGENS TO FORM IONIC COMPOUNDS CALLED HALIDES.*UT!H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0 /' (   T  C ,Agcselogo2  0H ^REACTION WITH HALOGENS,(2ff  03D TALKALI METALS REACT VIGOROUSLY WITH HALOGENS TO FORM IONIC COMPOUNDS CALLED HALIDES.*UT!  0̍?G B SODIUM CHLORINE SODIUM CHLORIDECPxC C  @`vB  N_ж_жDԔP P P  HȮ_ж_ж"  S+(2 H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +q 0 @ ((   T  C ,Agcselogo2  0ӍH ^REACTION WITH HALOGENS,(2ff  0Hٍ3D TALKALI METALS REACT VIGOROUSLY WITH HALOGENS TO FORM IONIC COMPOUNDS CALLED HALIDES.*UT!  08ߍ?G B SODIUM CHLORINE SODIUM CHLORIDECPxC C  @`vB  N_ж_жDԔP P P  H8_ж_ж"  S+(2   N,Ǎ_ж_ж" &QX  v&POTASSIUM CHLORINE ''& vB  N_ж_жDԔ [   H_ж_ж" #% S+(2 H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0   :(   T  C ,Agcselogo2  0H ^REACTION WITH HALOGENS,(2ff  03D TALKALI METALS REACT VIGOROUSLY WITH HALOGENS TO FORM IONIC COMPOUNDS CALLED HALIDES.*UT!  0?G B SODIUM CHLORINE SODIUM CHLORIDECPxC C  @`vB  N_ж_жDԔP P P  H_ж_ж"  S+(2   N4_ж_ж" &QX  8POTASSIUM CHLORINE POTASSIUM CHLORIDE998 vB  N_ж_жDԔ [   H_ж_ж" #% S+(2 H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +  0   P  (   T  C ,Agcselogo2  0H ^REACTION WITH HALOGENS,(2ff  0H,3D TALKALI METALS REACT VIGOROUSLY WITH HALOGENS TO FORM IONIC COMPOUNDS CALLED HALIDES.*UT!  0,?G B SODIUM CHLORINE SODIUM CHLORIDECPxC C  @`vB  N_ж_жDԔP P P  H8_ж_ж"  S+(2   N/_ж_ж" &QX  8POTASSIUM CHLORINE POTASSIUM CHLORIDE998 vB  N_ж_жDԔ [   H%_ж_ж" #% S+(2   N<_ж_ж"  QX  n SODIUM BROMINE  vB  N_ж_жDԔ P    HHE_ж_ж"  0@  S+(2 H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +  0 $    (   T  C ,Agcselogo2  0tNH ^REACTION WITH HALOGENS,(2ff  0tS3D TALKALI METALS REACT VIGOROUSLY WITH HALOGENS TO FORM IONIC COMPOUNDS CALLED HALIDES.*UT!  0b?G B SODIUM CHLORINE SODIUM CHLORIDECPxC C  @`vB  N_ж_жDԔP P P  Hd_ж_ж"  S+(2   Nh_ж_ж" &QX  8POTASSIUM CHLORINE POTASSIUM CHLORIDE998 vB  N_ж_жDԔ [   Hl_ж_ж" #% S+(2   Nr_ж_ж"  QX  7 SODIUM BROMINE SODIUM BROMIDE887 vB  N_ж_жDԔ P    Hw_ж_ж"  0@  S+(2 H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0  `(    0X j"REACTION WITH HALOGENS - Equations,#(2"ffpB  HD!> x  00Vv 0 Na + Cl2 NaCl 1Px!!! !!!&+    @`T  C ,Agcselogo2   0싐?G @ SODIUM CHLORINE SODIUM CHLORIDEAPxA A  @`H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0   (     0$ j"REACTION WITH HALOGENS - Equations,#(2"ffpB  HD!> x  0@Vv 0 Na + Cl2 NaCl 1Px!!! !!!&+    @`T  C ,Agcselogo2:  <? The equation doesn t balance - multiply the formulae until it doesC@C C   0@ʐ?G @ SODIUM CHLORINE SODIUM CHLORIDEAPxA A  @`H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +z  0  %(    0Tܮ i!REACTION WITH HALOGENS- Equations,"(2!ffvB  ND!> b  6@  0 2Na + Cl2 2NaCl 1Px!!! !!! 1  @`pB  HD!> v  0Vv 0 Na + Cl2 NaCl 1Px!!! !!!&+    @`T   C ,Agcselogo2   0?G @ SODIUM CHLORINE SODIUM CHLORIDEAPxA A  @`   0 ?G  @ SODIUM CHLORINE SODIUM CHLORIDEAPxA A  @`   <o? x  bThe equation is balanced@  H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +# 0 ,-P~(  P2 P <oZ <  2 P Z?f3jJ?5T2 P Z?f3jJ?IR2 P Z?f3jJ? 2 P Z?f3jJ?" P <  `Cl   ^2  P 6oIf& 2  P Z?f3jJ?y  P 0  GSODIUM ATOM 2,8,12  P Z?f3jJ?C/2  P Z?f3jJ?;22 P  `D?f3jJ?3 B  2 P Z?f3jJ?C2 P Z?f3jJ?~12 P Bo <  2 P < o{, <  2 P Z?33jJ?du2 P Z?33jJ?xs2 P Z?33jJ?682 P Z?33jJ?5C^2 P 6ojU*2 P Z?33jJ?2+2 P Z?33jJ?rP2 P Z?33jJ?jS2 P  `'?33jJ?&b B  2 P Z?33jJ?&r2 P Z?33jJ?0R2 P BT,o  <  2 P Z?33jJ?E:2  P Z?33jJ?822 !P Z?33jJ?rw2 "P Z?33jJ?D2 #P Z?33jJ?3E2 $P Z?33jJ?;82 %P Z?33jJ? yy &P <82 HNa   'P 0"   ICHLORINE ATOM 2,8,72 (P Z?f3jJ?N )P 0;I  0  11 protons; 11 electrons> 2 !    *P 0@I 0  17 protons; 17 electrons> 2 !   T +P C ,Agcselogo2 ,P 0dF dFORMATION OF SODIUM CHLORIDE,(2ff -P Ht _ж_ж" \,0 |*PRESS THE SPACE BAR TO START THE ANIMATION+ 2+* H P 0޽h ? ̙33___PPT10+DA' = @B D' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D3' =%(D' =%(DE' =4@BBBB%()?)?D'  =.a7 BBBBBoM -1.11111E-6 -1.18519E-5 C 0.01545 -0.0132 0.05781 -0.06575 0.09236 -0.07987 C 0.12691 -0.09399 0.17309 -0.09978 0.20694 -0.08519 C 0.2408 -0.07061 0.27673 -0.01204 0.29514 0.00717 *3>*B ppt_xB ppt_y=D0BB aaaapBBr>B/=<*(PD6' =A@BB BB0B%(D' =-g6B fade*<3<*-PD' =1:Bhidden*o3>+B#style.visibility<*-P%(+8+0+-P0 + 0 -.T(  T2 T < OoZ <  2 T Z?f3jJ?5T2 T Z?f3jJ?IR2 T Z?f3jJ? 2 T Z?f3jJ?" T <`K `Cl   ^2  T 6oIf& 2  T Z?f3jJ?y  T 0W  DSODIUM ION 2,82  T Z?f3jJ?C/2  T Z?f3jJ?;22 T  `x[?f3jJ?3 B  2 T Z?f3jJ?C2 T Z?f3jJ?~12 T <`o{, <  2 T Z?33jJ?du2 T Z?33jJ?xs2 T Z?33jJ?682 T Z?33jJ?5C^2 T 6ojU*2 T Z?33jJ?2+2 T Z?33jJ?rP2 T Z?33jJ?jS2 T  `m?33jJ?&b B  2 T Z?33jJ?&r2 T Z?33jJ?0R2 T Bpqo  <  2 T Z?33jJ?E:2 T Z?33jJ?822  T Z?33jJ?rw2 !T Z?33jJ?D2 "T Z?33jJ?3E2 #T Z?33jJ?;82 $T Z?33jJ? yy %T <a HNa   &T 0|   hCHLORIDE ION 2,8,8:3 2 'T Z?f3jJ?"` p (T 0P?e $both species now have  full outer shells; ie they have the electronic configuration of a noble gas d(2d!+7 )T 0HQ~B G+* 23^B *T 6D3> +T 0I  0  11 protons; 10 electrons> 2 !    ,T 0I 0  17 protons; 18 electrons> 2 !   T -T C ,Agcselogo2 .T 0 dFORMATION OF SODIUM CHLORIDE,(2ffH T 0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0 -.X<(  X2 X <؛oZ <  2 X Z?f3jJ?5T2 X Z?f3jJ?IR2 X Z?f3jJ? 2 X Z?f3jJ?" X < `Cl   ^2  X 6oIf& 2  X Z?f3jJ?y  X 0t  DSODIUM ION 2,82  X Z?f3jJ?C/2  X Z?f3jJ?;22 X  `l?f3jJ?3 B  2 X Z?f3jJ?C2 X Z?f3jJ?~12 X <lo{, <  2 X Z?33jJ?du2 X Z?33jJ?xs2 X Z?33jJ?682 X Z?33jJ?5C^2 X 6ojU*2 X Z?33jJ?2+2 X Z?33jJ?rP2 X Z?33jJ?jS2 X  `?33jJ?&b B  2 X Z?33jJ?&r2 X Z?33jJ?0R2 X Bo  <  2 X Z?33jJ?E:2 X Z?33jJ?822  X Z?33jJ?rw2 !X Z?33jJ?D2 "X Z?33jJ?3E2 #X Z?33jJ?;82 $X Z?33jJ? yy %X < HNa   &X 0   hCHLORIDE ION 2,8,8:3 2 'X Z?f3jJ? pI (X 0h  w Na Na+ + e 2,8,1 2,8 ELECTRON TRANSFERRED Cl + e Cl 2,8,7 2,8,8 20<20(202 20<2  !!>BdB )X <Do  dB *X@ <Do P x +X 0@HQ~B G+* 23^B ,X 6D3>T -X C ,Agcselogo2 .X 0< dFORMATION OF SODIUM CHLORIDE,(2ffH X 0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +' 0L0 &&@13%(    <D"` <SYMBOL  <;̙"`E NELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION  <L"`El @HARDNESS U   <TP"`l SDENSITY (Compared to water)U  <Q"`  8Li  <X̙"` E B     <["`E l @ CAN BE CUT      <S"`l  DJUST OVER HALF    6b̙"` E B     6dh2| ? POTASSIUM     <8l"`  LNa     60p̙"`E D% % % %̙  6Pt2  =LITHIUM  6w2  <SODIUM  <X{"` KK    <"` GMETHOD OF STORAGE  <"`  E MELTING POINTU  <"`  <IN OIL  <L"`  I181C("  <"`  <IN OIL  <"`   H91C("  <t"` <IN OIL  <H"`  H63C("  <ȡ"`l  C JUST LIGHTER   <`"`l D A BIT LIGHTER   <"`v   WREACTION WITH OXYGEN IN THE AIR U   <0"`v    UTarnishes quickly("  <h"`t    ZTarnishes very quickly("  <|"`t   ZTarnishes very quickly("  <L"`  KREACTION WITH WATERU   <"`   Jsteady(" ! <X"`   Hfast(" " <p"`  M very fast(  " # <"`   IFORMULA OF OXIDE U $ <"`    fLi20F " % <"`    fNa2OF " & <"`   eK2OF " ' <"` A PRODUCTS  U  ( <D"`  TLITHIUM HYDROXIDE & HYDROGEN#  ) <"`  SSODIUM HYDROXIDE & HYDROGEN#  * <"` VPOTASSIUM HYDROXIDE & HYDROGEN#  + <T"`E l A EASY TO CUT    , <"`El FVERY EASY TO CUT T - C ,Agcselogo2 . <S"`?# 3 92,1 / <S"`?#R S3 ;2,8,1 0 <X S"`?. =2,8,8,1 1 0 YGROUP I - SUMMARY,(2ffB  s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0 J(    0 R QUICK QUIZ, (2 ff  0|Fs7D<4___PPT9 fELEMENTS IN GROUP I ARE KNOWN AS THE & & & . METALS WHAT ARE THE NAMES OF THE ELEMENTS? HOW DOES THE ATOMIC NUMBER CHANGE DOWN THE GROUP? HOW DOES THE MELTING POINT CHANGE? HOW DOES THE ATOMIC SIZE (RADIUS) CHANGE? HOW MANY ELECTRONS DO THEY HAVE IN THE OUTER SHELL? WHAT TYPE OF ION DO THEY FORM? HOW DOES THEIR REACTIVITY CHANGE DOWN THE GROUP? WHAT TYPE OF COMPOUND DO THEY FORM WITH NON-METALS? DO THEIR HYDROXIDES DISSOLVE IN WATER? WHAT TYPE OF SOLUTION DO THEIR HYDROXIDES GIVE? HOW CAN YOU EXPLAIN THEIR RELATIVE REACTIVITY IN TERMS OF THE ATOMIC STRUCTURE?JPxQ@O33 4  @`T  C ,Agcselogo2RB  s *Doc 1c H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B += 0 d\` (  `  ` 0|< \QUICK QUIZ - ANSWERS,(2ffB ` 0?FsD<4___PPT9 ALKALI METALS LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, FRANCIUM ATOMIC NUMBER INCREASES DOWN THE GROUP MELTING POINT DECREASES DOWN THE GROUP ATOMIC SIZE INCREASES DOWN THE GROUP ALL HAVE ONE ELECTRON IN THE OUTER SHELL (ENERGY LEVEL) FORM IONS OF CHARGE +1 REACTIVITY INCREASES DOWN THE GROUP FORM IONIC COMPOUNDS WITH NON-METALS HYDROXIDES DISSOLVE IN WATER HYDROXIDES FORM ALKALINE SOLUTIONS AS THE ATOMS GET BIGGER THE OUTER SHELL ELECTRON IS FURTHER FROM THE NUCLEUS SO IS EASIER TO REMOVE; THE METALS BECOME MORE REACTIVE:Px@3   @`RB ` s *Doc 1c T ` C ,Agcselogo2H ` 0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0L0 00 2(  0  0 01  #GROUP 1 The alkali metals THE END b#(8(26f<fff 0 04XH8 {/ 2011 KNOCKHARDY PUBLISHING & JONATHAN HOPTON 00(2& f) fJ 0 C "A KTRE: . 0 <̙? x @0 0 0 0 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