ࡱ> nT _ewPNG  IHDR;~n^sBIT&C`PLTEUf""U"f"DDff"ww3fffDDUUww""33U"fDDUUffwẅ̈ݙ*F tRNS\\bKGDHIDATxv0U/`P1wKKN8 BcE3R ;sOp7O.XA9?e8c[ mUB'j`"K,5 |-U3ByG={81YYWbZEhCu,gg(Ќ#cus$ c _5hi @ qc<o荏l.,(>])o*R РKh+UWV luNˑrpP bYBägz7zǀy!1o0w6̓%96SE]cC~iy:LY~H*cauK2LӒ̷X'7W؟˴LZ7N>Zs>9U{UKue'zHWUe^W\Pfil8.v8քjL,ӡd;WIJzN:kиJ_]+,,mPb`Yw*YR>tnZ~Q@m6pO*X+vDtgIu8o %;t/ukʑֽoGXuDƿ #RE]30Eg) [86}Y̝q*GM68}se!D:1Xׅ#3*GLMe-R`3wݭWœO]+CunǞ횕tvgu~Ou' >m46cc**tt{{⼼NIP.7(磣鰰"`[[ss<0ӪllO=||ddL' ᴴB51{M@oD4ӝ^^^c6èNNGG>? A=ÌǛِůnj<<*` e(FF+)Hn0yR|9VVeeA>occxxv00rrGGֱzoplppMMg_cc[z@gM9 tRNS@fbKGDH cmPPJCmp0712Hs IDAThCŚuxig&3HiS [H϶)-mKm[hWpp<8²vz=H23ɾLox˻f2xX]>*0fuXSز)@->Gb!Ph49x:OU^=.&|Z8GDCjXX S(χpU@U!c Q \j^haYPڜPPhU!+rħȯ2%#!P4VAaCᦞ&VBg,u*r 8XsmFCԦ 1T NGA9ml TI mb[WjrÚ:"<kﻄ K֧EՀ2' +p?‰G ~R*o P:8W? 0aWHXyHX=(cx0l<аqUXS,۵G]L[~୭iDsPZm [Wg^G8~S`XP-TM/뛷r"MVh/n !- ԓԼZjHR4mpk ӄvn{`UC%n}Bkihc9JB]`CJ -7*3gb#/~Wצ5tT $)er% cO=[.}R++N750)VQ[Z5Gx_lYeٵg۵e3k_W9q*|O}{5v9<:(Hڭ9Oq MV?wONnkXL<±5 VE/lŸ ‘}y#A=-u9xKb,Aʐgz0ضCV? h^ LHWGpDDm `>_sR5F0a / BeWun K>L,.-L!eHY}G}>JVz֞صkP쁛ٗ=Ak¹?pL>8iBԗG ,觰j eJf˙#7P%+E]&m(SGIK`Q=UPq ծ@ƈ tY)C3j]+ݾn"#wCz)(ɷoP ?Knz9ǾQ0#_;3mnBNDp!(S-vD %j8sgo^`mBER]/ VZjqG͛ Yhp}E2efߡ`XnXؠҊ&ݍ6ă tOsNSu j9'dO-2y SP3d^,+DB3 Tbb;p322ٹmU5/&Ub9njosdŻ֌C)'4PjL^ ʲQ5pT\ʐ;ITa{Z/'2$*+Z4/- "jÒ v]v7 Th 6sZht0 ElMPI?A 3SVEBi/3hSM2:TsLWK֤ j:T:f} \[L@55;(jj3ʨY2RE"JFIFKKMSO Palette C   ")$+*($''-2@7-0=0''8L9=CEHIH+6OUNFT@GHEC !!E.'.EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE"!!1AQqa!1 ?F3]'IƓe5,J$3?O 5LXyYL4tO%fxM\DXL`: a2HS=rtd+f\UtV5m7L?cf7 `Zx5\k=!(im       DSlide 40480,4,Slide 4JSlide 240551,24,Slide 24JSlide 510566,51,Slide 51JSlide 610532,61,Slide 61JSlide 680576,68,Slide 68/ 0DTimes New Romantt. 0DArial Blackmantt. 0" DTahomalackmantt. 0"0DAriallackmantt. 0"@DCourier Newmantt. 01PDWingdingswmantt. 0@ .  @n?" dd@  @@`` ph8T)       J@ii^h^QSQGRGSFp $T   @@@@@@A@@@B@A@@@B@@A@@@@@D@@@@@@@@>@@77>.IT TSTTjkp """ CRi   /  ) 2&IA0000000A) $^?10" """Q fi  +0) (\FPP[ $   B                      `b$T _ewb$lr߷\~3qАn Q$$$$$R$FE-Qڛb>"U 0AA f3f3f@m g4XdXdL; 0pxp <4BdBd@w 0tt.g4:d:dx 0p7 p5<4!d!d@w 0tt.y ʚ;|Ze8ʚ;<4dddd@ x 0@{9___PPT10 qq62___PPT9/ 0? %O =uBA{CD}~'*4321.-,/0 !"#$%&E6789:;?<=>@     P  0` ̙33` ` ff3333f` 333MMM` f` f` 3>?" dd@,|?" dd@   " @ ` n?" dd@   @@``PR    @ ` ` p>>L0  f(    6< P  T Click to edit Master title style! !  0ܵ   RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     S  0м ``  >*  0$ `   @*  0ƍ `   @*z  bA޽h @ ?Parchment ̙33 Default Design 0 zr@ ( )   0= 9   P*    0B M i9  R*  d  c $ ?P    0E  09  RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     S  6J 4m   P*    6O 4M im  R*  H  0e ? ̙3380___PPT10.0 0X8(   $+ X X 0^ 9   >*  X 0b M i9  @*  X 6g 4m   >*  X 6Hl 4M im  @* H X 0e ? ̙3380___PPT10.=  0L0  `1(  `# ` 0N_ 9CALCULATIONS INVOLVING FORMULAE A guide for GCSE studentsR (2820f0ff  ` 0S(H OKNOCKHARDY PUBLISHING(2 fJ ` C "A KTRE: . ` <̙? x @ 0 0 ` <̙? x @ 0 0T ` C ,Agcselogo2 ` 0Y"`>B 2010 SPECIFICATIONSH0 G$G  B ` s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +5  0L0 D <  d(  d d 0&{ } [CALCULATIONS INVOLVING FORMULAE (2  fA d 0p  INTRODUCTION This Powerpoint show is one of several produced to help students understand selected GCSE Chemistry topics. It is based on the requirements of the AQA specification but is suitable for other examination boards. Individual students may use the material at home for revision purposes and it can also prove useful for classroom teaching with an interactive white board. Accompanying notes on this, and the full range of AS and A2 Chemistry topics, are available from the KNOCKHARDY WEBSITE at... www.knockhardy.org.uk (2 2(2 ! , dB d <D?  T d C ,Agcselogo2 d B̙? & PAll diagrams, photographs and any animations in this Powerpoint are original and created by Jonathan Hopton. Permission must be obtained for their use in any work that is distributed for financial gain. 2H5   &  _ F p   d p  d 0HƊp   ZHOPTON(2   d VAParchmentS" ?p  z d bA޽h @ ?Parchment ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +.  0L0 = 5  h(  hF p    h p  h 0Њp   ZHOPTON(2  h VAParchmentS" ?p   h 0lԊC"?0  ( CONTENTS Working out simple formulae Relative formula mass Percentage composition Reacting masses Yield and percentage yieldV 202` 2!!~l/  h 0C"?v n@ 0 0 h 6C"? y@ 0 0 h 6C"?3 @ 0 0T h C ,Agcselogo2  h 6C"? @ 0 0  h 6C"? @ 0 0 h 0p{ } [CALCULATIONS INVOLVING FORMULAE (2  fB h s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +  0L0   p A0 (  F p   < p  = 0p   ZHOPTON(2  > VAParchmentS" ?p   : <y"`% 8 E}chlorine gas Cl2 hydrogen gas H2 nitrogen gas N2 oxygen gas O2 hydrochloric acid HCl nitric acid HNO3 sulphuric acid H2SO4 sodium hydroxide NaOH sodium chloride NaCl sodium carbonate Na2CO3 potassium chloride KCl magnesium oxide MgO magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)2 magnesium carbonate MgCO3 magnesium sulphate MgSO4 calcium carbonate CaCO3 calcium chloride CaCl2f         +  0     Z  =    .      ? 0 yq jSOME COMMON FORMULAE(2f / @ B#y?  kMany formulae can be worked out by reference to a table of ions. Others just have to be known off by heart.l 2lk T A C ,Agcselogo2B  s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0    , (  ,4 , 0 (', x hydrogen H+ chloride Cl sodium Na+ bromide Br potassium K+ iodide I lithium Li+ hydroxide OH rubidium Rb+ nitrate NO3 caesium Cs+ nitrite NO2 silver(I) Ag+ hydrogencarbonate HCO3 ammonium NH4+ hydrogensulphate HSO4 calcium Ca2+ sulphate SO42- barium Ba2+ sulphite SO32- magnesium Mg2+ sulphide S2- zinc Zn2+ oxide O2- iron(II)  ferrous Fe2+ carbonate CO32- copper(II) Cu2+ aluminium Al3+ iron(III)  ferric Fe3+;@  !                          f3     3 t   s  L     XB , 0D XB  , 0D*h*XB  , 0D h F p    , p   , 0l;'p   ZHOPTON(2   , VAParchmentS" ?p   , 0='q c TABLE OF IONS(2f  T , C ,Agcselogo2H , 0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0 (W(  ( ( 6fS"`?4 A  ( 6fS"`? e+  ( 6fS"`? el ( 6f"`wA l ( 6f"`A{4 ( 04, x hydrogen H+ chloride Cl sodium Na+ bromide Br potassium K+ iodide I lithium Li+ hydroxide OH rubidium Rb+ nitrate NO3 caesium Cs+ nitrite NO2 silver(I) Ag+ hydrogencarbonate HCO3 ammonium NH4+ hydrogensulphate HSO4 calcium Ca2+ sulphate SO42- barium Ba2+ sulphite SO32- magnesium Mg2+ sulphide S2- zinc Zn2+ oxide O2- iron(II)  ferrous Fe2+ carbonate CO32- copper(II) Cu2+ aluminium Al3+ iron(III)  ferric Fe3+;@  !                          f3     3 t   s  L     XB ( 0D XB  ( 0D*h*XB  ( 0D h F p    ( p   ( 0 p   ZHOPTON(2   ( VAParchmentS" ?p   ( 0̋q c TABLE OF IONS(2f  T ( C ,Agcselogo2<8 e  ( e  ( <fS"`?[z ( <f"`z ;z ( <f"`H   ( <fS"`?G ( <fS"`?n/" ( 6'e  NNUMBER OF ELECTRONS IN OUTER SHELL OF ATOMS 1 2 3 6 7.O(2,!#N H ( 0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0  (    6fS"`?4 A   6fS"`? e+   6fS"`? el  6f"`wA l   6f"`A{4  0p, x hydrogen H+ chloride Cl sodium Na+ bromide Br potassium K+ iodide I lithium Li+ hydroxide OH rubidium Rb+ nitrate NO3 caesium Cs+ nitrite NO2 silver(I) Ag+ hydrogencarbonate HCO3 ammonium NH4+ hydrogensulphate HSO4 calcium Ca2+ sulphate SO42- barium Ba2+ sulphite SO32- magnesium Mg2+ sulphide S2- zinc Zn2+ oxide O2- iron(II)  ferrous Fe2+ carbonate CO32- copper(II) Cu2+ aluminium Al3+ iron(III)  ferric Fe3+;@  !                          f3     3 t   s  L     XB  0D XB  0D*h*XB  0D h F p    p   02p   ZHOPTON(2    VAParchmentS" ?p     0d7q c TABLE OF IONS(2f  T   C ,Agcselogo2   B;?P  "Formulae can be worked out by balancing the charges so that& negative charge = positive charge._(2="^ H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +| 0  03(  0F p    0 p   0 036p   ZHOPTON(2   0 VAParchmentS" ?p    0 0W6q kCONSTRUCTING FORMULAE(2f T  0 C ,Agcselogo2H 0 0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +D 0 kc4(  4F p   4 p  4 0,gp   ZHOPTON(2  4 VAParchmentS" ?p   4 0,Yq kCONSTRUCTING FORMULAE(2f T 4 C ,Agcselogo2 4 B7?C"?7 .Many formulae can be worked out by balancing the charges so that& negative charge = positive charge.e(2C"d H 4 0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0  ^(    0dmy"` &Q.1 Write out the correct formula for each of the following compounds. a) sodium chloride b) magnesium sulphate c) potassium oxide d) calcium chloride e) copper(II) nitrate @@JX    0oy g '!sodium ion Na+ chloride ion Cl"@ !!!! !!!!&   F p     p    0 ;   _/ONE Na+ balances ONE Cl FORMULA is NaClH@!!! !!!!!@     F p     p    0yp   ZHOPTON(2    VAParchmentS" ?p  T  C ,Agcselogo2  0yq kCONSTRUCTING FORMULAE(2f H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +\  0  { 0   (    0y"` fQ.2 Write out the correct formula for each of the following compounds. a) sodium chloride NaCl b) magnesium sulphate c) potassium oxide d) calcium chloride e) copper(II) nitrate `@JC&_  Z y  0| O <  'magnesium ion Mg2+ sulphate ion SO42-(@ !!!! !!!! (   s * |̙ x  tMg2+8  XR  0x -&L   s *| x  SO42-H   ^B  6DԔx x F p     p    0|p   ZHOPTON(2    VAParchmentS" ?p  T   C ,Agcselogo2   0|q kCONSTRUCTING FORMULAE(2f H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +  0   @   (    0y"` fQ.2 Write out the correct formula for each of the following compounds. a) sodium chloride NaCl b) magnesium sulphate c) potassium oxide d) calcium chloride e) copper(II) nitrate `@JC&_  Z y  0/| O <  'magnesium ion Mg2+ sulphate ion SO42-(@ !!!! !!!! (   s *;|̙ x  tMg2+8  XR  0x -&L   s *A| x  SO42-H   ^B  6DԔx x   0G| O  28 ONE Mg2+ balances ONE SO42- FORMULA is MgSO4!@H@ !!!!!  9 F p     p    0V|p   ZHOPTON(2    VAParchmentS" ?p  T   C ,Agcselogo2  0T[|q kCONSTRUCTING FORMULAE(2f H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +;  0 b Z P   (     0d|"` Q.3 Write out the correct formula for each of the following compounds. a) sodium chloride NaCl b) magnesium sulphate MgSO4 c) potassium oxide d) calcium chloride e) copper(II) nitrate @J/&_  a _  0p| O <  !potassium ion K+ oxide ion O2-"@ !!!! !!! "   s *{|̙ x  rK+8  XR  0x -&L   s *R| x  sO2-8  ^B  6DԔx x   s *|̙   rK+8  F p     p    0ď|p   ZHOPTON(2    VAParchmentS" ?p  T   C ,Agcselogo2  0l|q kCONSTRUCTING FORMULAE(2f H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +  0   ` q (     0<|"` Q.3 Write out the correct formula for each of the following compounds. a) sodium chloride NaCl b) magnesium sulphate MgSO4 c) potassium oxide d) calcium chloride e) copper(II) nitrate @J/&_  a _  0| O <  !potassium ion K+ oxide ion O2-"@ !!!! !!! "   s *H|̙ x  rK+8  XR  0x -&L   s *| x  sO2-8  ^B  6DԔx x w  0h| O  1 TWO K+ balance ONE O2- FORMULA is K2O@H@ !! !!  2    s *|̙   rK+8  F p     p    0|p   ZHOPTON(2    VAParchmentS" ?p  T  C ,Agcselogo2  0|q kCONSTRUCTING FORMULAE(2f H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +  0   p  M (  4  0d|"` Q.4 Write out the correct formula for each of the following compounds. a) sodium chloride NaCl b) magnesium sulphate MgSO4 c) potassium oxide K2O d) calcium chloride e) copper(II) nitrate @J&_  f |  0| O <  $calcium ion Ca2+ chloride ion Cl%@ !!!! !!!!&!     s *|̙ x  tCa2+8  XR  0x -&L   s *~ x  }Cl4"  ^B  6DԔx x   s *~  }Cl4"  F p     p    0 ~p   ZHOPTON(2    VAParchmentS" ?p  T   C ,Agcselogo2  0~q kCONSTRUCTING FORMULAE(2f H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +P  0 w o  (  4  0d|"` Q.4 Write out the correct formula for each of the following compounds. a) sodium chloride NaCl b) magnesium sulphate MgSO4 c) potassium oxide K2O d) calcium chloride e) copper(II) nitrate @J&_  f |  0~ O <  $calcium ion Ca2+ chloride ion Cl%@ !!!! !!!!&!     s *D|̙ x  tCa2+8  XR  0x -&L   s *40~ x  }Cl4"  ^B  6DԔx x   05~ O  R6 ONE Ca2+ balances TWO Cl FORMULA is CaCl2@H@ !! !!!! &      s *TE~  }Cl4"  F p     p    0(K~p   ZHOPTON(2    VAParchmentS" ?p  T  C ,Agcselogo2  0O~q kCONSTRUCTING FORMULAE(2f H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +  0     (  m  0hS~"` Q.5 Write out the correct formula for each of the following compounds. a) sodium chloride NaCl b) magnesium sulphate MgSO4 c) potassium oxide K2O d) calcium chloride CaCl2 e) copper(II) nitrate @J&_  m i  0c~ O <  'copper(II) ion Cu2+ nitrate ion NO3(@!!!! !!!! (   s *4o~̙ x  tCu2+8  XR  0x -&L   s *t~ x  NO3T!!!  ^B  6DԔx x   s *,{~  NO3T!!!  F p     p    0܁~p   ZHOPTON(2    VAParchmentS" ?p  T   C ,Agcselogo2  0D~q kCONSTRUCTING FORMULAE(2f H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +  0   S (  m  0x~"` Q.5 Write out the correct formula for each of the following compounds. a) sodium chloride NaCl b) magnesium sulphate MgSO4 c) potassium oxide K2O d) calcium chloride CaCl2 e) copper(II) nitrate @J&_  m i  0~ O :  'copper(II) ion Cu2+ nitrate ion NO3(@!!!! !!!! (   s *,~̙ x  tCu2+8  XR  0x -&L   s *~ x  NO3T!!!  ^B  6DԔx x   0H~ O  R: ONE Cu2+ balances TWO NO3 FORMULA is Cu(NO3)2 @H@ !! !!!!   ;    s *$~  NO3T!!!  F p     p    0~p   ZHOPTON(2    VAParchmentS" ?p  T  C ,Agcselogo2  0~q kCONSTRUCTING FORMULAE(2f H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0  (  m  0X~"` Q.5 Write out the correct formula for each of the following compounds. a) sodium chloride NaCl b) magnesium sulphate MgSO4 c) potassium oxide K2O d) calcium chloride CaCl2 e) copper(II) nitrate @J&_  m i  0P~ O <  'copper(II) ion Cu2+ nitrate ion NO3(@!!!! !!!! (   s *H~̙ x  tCu2+8  XR  0x -&L   s *~ x  NO3T!!!  ^B  6DԔx x   0D O  R: ONE Cu2+ balances TWO NO3 FORMULA is Cu(NO3)2 @H@ !! !!!!   ;    s *   NO3T!!!  4   <h~1? Pi   NOTE THE BRACKETS If the brackets weren t there, the formula would appear as CuNO32 (thirty two oxygens). Brackets are used when the ion has more than one element in it. eg NO3 OH NH4+!? W !!!!!!@n  F   F p     p    0 p   ZHOPTON(2   VAParchmentS" ?p  T  C ,Agcselogo2  0$q kCONSTRUCTING FORMULAE(2f H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0    b (  F p    p   0`+p   ZHOPTON(2   VAParchmentS" ?p  ^  0D<l Write out the correct formula for each of the following compounds. a) lithium chloride LiCl b) calcium sulphate CaSO4 c) sodium oxide Na2O d) calcium chloride CaCl2 e) iron(II) nitrate Fe(NO3)2 f) potassium sulphate K2SO4 g) calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 h) zinc carbonate ZnCO3 i) aluminium oxide Al2O3 j) aluminium sulphate Al2(SO4)3 k) ammonium nitrate NH4NO3 l) ammonium chloride NH4Cl m) ammonium sulphate (NH4)2SO4 n) iron(III) chloride FeCl3@E3!!f!!!!!f3!!!3!!!!f!!!!!!f3!!3!!!!!f!!!!!!!!!!!!f3!!!! 3!!!!!!!f!!!Z\  [  $     0?q 2FORMULAE  Test questions(2f   VAParchmentS" ? nT   C ,Agcselogo2H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +  0 &   (  ^  0l Write out the correct formula for each of the following compounds. a) lithium chloride LiCl b) calcium sulphate CaSO4 c) sodium oxide Na2O d) calcium chloride CaCl2 e) iron(II) nitrate Fe(NO3)2 f) potassium sulphate K2SO4 g) calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 h) zinc carbonate ZnCO3 i) aluminium oxide Al2O3 j) aluminium sulphate Al2(SO4)3 k) ammonium nitrate NH4NO3 l) ammonium chloride NH4Cl m) ammonium sulphate (NH4)2SO4 n) iron(III) chloride FeCl3@E3!!f!!!!!f3!!!3!!!!f!!!!!!f3!!3!!!!!f!!!!!!!!!!!!f3!!!! 3!!!!!!!f!!!Z\  [  $   F p    p   0p   ZHOPTON(2   VAParchmentS" ?p    0@q 2FORMULAE  Test questions(2f T  C ,Agcselogo2H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +r 0L0 y(    0q ORELATIVE FORMULA MASS(2fT  C ,Agcselogo2F p    p   0p   ZHOPTON(2   VAParchmentS" ?p  B  s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0 0k(  L  0f jThe relative formula mass is the sum of the relative atomic masses of ALL the atoms present in the formulaRk4!" k   0q ORELATIVE FORMULA MASS(2fT  C ,Agcselogo2F p    p   0p   ZHOPTON(2   VAParchmentS" ?p  H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0 (     0RR xTo calculate this value, it is important that one understands how to work out the number of each type of atom present. yy y L  0f jThe relative formula mass is the sum of the relative atomic masses of ALL the atoms present in the formulaRk4!" k   0,q ORELATIVE FORMULA MASS(2fT  C ,Agcselogo2F p    p   0"p   ZHOPTON(2   VAParchmentS" ?p  H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +u 0 ,(  F p    p   0,+p   ZHOPTON(2   VAParchmentS" ?p    03RR  mTo calculate this value, it is important that one understands how to work out the number of each type of atom present. A small subscript number tells you how many there of the atom just before the subscript f{!!!  8  09f jThe relative formula mass is the sum of the relative atomic masses of ALL the atoms present in the formula>k46 k   0?q ORELATIVE FORMULA MASS(2fT  C ,Agcselogo2H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0 F>(  w  0DNR  To calculate this value, it is important that one understands how to work out the number of each type of atom present. A small subscript number tells you how many there of the atom just before the subscript H2O 2 hydrogen atoms 1 oxygen atom (a 1 after the O is unnecessary)  y!!!!!D  8  0HXf jThe relative formula mass is the sum of the relative atomic masses of ALL the atoms present in the formula>k46 k   0_q ORELATIVE FORMULA MASS(2fT  C ,Agcselogo2F p    p   0Xbp   ZHOPTON(2   VAParchmentS" ?p  H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +  0    (  F p    p   0Djp   ZHOPTON(2   VAParchmentS" ?p  :  0oR To calculate this value, it is important that one understands how to work out the number of each type of atom present. A small subscript number tells you how many there of the atom just before the subscript H2O 2 hydrogen atoms 1 oxygen atom (a 1 after the O is unnecessary) Ca(OH)2 1 calcium atom 2 lots of everything in the bracket ie 2 oxygen atoms and 2 hydrogen atoms (groups of atoms occurring in brackets include& SO4 NO3 NH4 OH) Dy!!!C!  !)!!2   &`  k 8  0f jThe relative formula mass is the sum of the relative atomic masses of ALL the atoms present in the formula>k46 k   0q ORELATIVE FORMULA MASS(2fT  C ,Agcselogo2H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +8  0 _Wp (  A  0Lz  a) H2O 2 x H 1 x O b) NaOH 1 x Na 1 x O 1 x H c) (NH4)2SO4 2 x N 4 x O 8 x H 1 x S d) Ca(OH)2 1 x Ca 2 x O 2 x H e) H2SO4 2 x H 4 x O 1 x S f) CuSO4.5H2O 1 x Cu 10 x H 9 x O 1 x S @  ! !   !  !  !   !&     0q ORELATIVE FORMULA MASS(2f  0f {1HOW MANY ATOMS OF EACH TYPE ARE IN THE FOLLOWING?22 2   VAParchmentS" ?7  T  C ,Agcselogo2F p    p   0hp   ZHOPTON(2    VAParchmentS" ?p  H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0 ` C(  A  0\ȁz  a) H2O 2 x H 1 x O b) NaOH 1 x Na 1 x O 1 x H c) (NH4)2SO4 2 x N 4 x O 8 x H 1 x S d) Ca(OH)2 1 x Ca 2 x O 2 x H e) H2SO4 2 x H 4 x O 1 x S f) CuSO4.5H2O 1 x Cu 10 x H 9 x O 1 x S @  ! !   !  !  !   !&     0ށq ORELATIVE FORMULA MASS(2f  0,Áf {1HOW MANY ATOMS OF EACH TYPE ARE IN THE FOLLOWING?22 2 T  C ,Agcselogo2F p    p   0p   ZHOPTON(2    VAParchmentS" ?p  H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0 P (    0  <a) H2O 2 x H 1 x O b) NaOH 1 x Na 1 x O 1 x H c) (NH4)2SO4 2 x N 4 x O 8 x H 1 x S d) Ca(OH)2 1 x Ca 2 x O 2 x H e) H2SO4 2 x H 4 x O 1 x S f) CuSO4.5H2O 1 x Cu 10 x H 9 x O 1 x S A NUMBER IN THE FRONT OF A FORMULA MULTIPLIES EVERYTHING IN THAT FORMULA @J6"H!&     0q ORELATIVE FORMULA MASS(2f  0$ f {1HOW MANY ATOMS OF EACH TYPE ARE IN THE FOLLOWING?22 2 T  C ,Agcselogo2F p    p   0lp   ZHOPTON(2    VAParchmentS" ?p  H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +  0     (    0pG wa) H2O 2 x H 1 x O b) NaOH 1 x Na 1 x O 1 x H c) (NH4)2SO4 2 x N 4 x O 8 x H 1 x S d) Ca(OH)2 1 x Ca 2 x O 2 x H e) H2SO4 2 x H 4 x O 1 x S f) CuSO4.5H2O 1 x Cu 10 x H 9 x O 1 x S A NUMBER IN THE FRONT OF A FORMULA MULTIPLIES EVERYTHING IN THAT FORMULA g) 2 NaOH 2 x Na 2 x O 2 x H h) 3 Ca(OH)2 3 x Ca 6 x O 6 x H i) 2 Na2HPO4 4 x Na 8 x O 2 x H 2 x P@JD@+@6"H!  !   !@    e   0Cq ORELATIVE FORMULA MASS(2f  0$Gf {1HOW MANY ATOMS OF EACH TYPE ARE IN THE FOLLOWING?22 2   VAParchmentS" ?5  GGT  C ,Agcselogo2F p    p   0PLp   ZHOPTON(2    VAParchmentS" ?p  H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +"  0 I A (  F p    p   0Vp   ZHOPTON(2   VAParchmentS" ?p    0fG wa) H2O 2 x H 1 x O b) NaOH 1 x Na 1 x O 1 x H c) (NH4)2SO4 2 x N 4 x O 8 x H 1 x S d) Ca(OH)2 1 x Ca 2 x O 2 x H e) H2SO4 2 x H 4 x O 1 x S f) CuSO4.5H2O 1 x Cu 10 x H 9 x O 1 x S A NUMBER IN THE FRONT OF A FORMULA MULTIPLIES EVERYTHING IN THAT FORMULA g) 2 NaOH 2 x Na 2 x O 2 x H h) 3 Ca(OH)2 3 x Ca 6 x O 6 x H i) 2 Na2HPO4 4 x Na 8 x O 2 x H 2 x P@JD@+@6"H!  !   !@    e   0Ȁq ORELATIVE FORMULA MASS(2f  0vf {1HOW MANY ATOMS OF EACH TYPE ARE IN THE FOLLOWING?22 2 T  C ,Agcselogo2H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +m 0L0 |t |(  | | 0<q ORELATIVE FORMULA MASS(2fT | C ,Agcselogo2F p   | p  | 0p   ZHOPTON(2  | VAParchmentS" ?p   | 0f kThe relative formula mass is the sum of the relative atomic masses of ALL the atoms present in the formula $lk l F p    |  C   | 0p   ZHOPTON(2   | VAParchmentS" ?p  B | s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +> 0L0 ME(    0)q ORELATIVE FORMULA MASS(2fT  C ,Agcselogo2F p    p   0Xp   ZHOPTON(2   VAParchmentS" ?p  +  08H yH = 1; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; S = 32; Cl = 35.5; K = 39; Ca = 40; Fe = 56; Cu = 64zzy  0lf 1{The relative formula mass is the sum of the relative atomic masses of ALL the atoms present in the formula Water H2O |k!f ff | B  s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +l 0L0 {s(    0q ORELATIVE FORMULA MASS(2fT  C ,Agcselogo2F p    p   0hp   ZHOPTON(2   VAParchmentS" ?p  +  0ĂH yH = 1; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; S = 32; Cl = 35.5; K = 39; Ca = 40; Fe = 56; Cu = 64zzy  0̂ft _The relative formula mass is the sum of the relative atomic masses of ALL the atoms present in the formula Water H2O H + H + O k!f ff    B  s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +x 0L0 p(    0$قq ORELATIVE FORMULA MASS(2fT  C ,Agcselogo2F p    p   0p   ZHOPTON(2   VAParchmentS" ?p  +  0H yH = 1; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; S = 32; Cl = 35.5; K = 39; Ca = 40; Fe = 56; Cu = 64zzy  0fZ kThe relative formula mass is the sum of the relative atomic masses of ALL the atoms present in the formula Water H2O H + H + O 1 + 1 + 16 = 18 k!f ff$!  B  s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0L0 `_(    0q ORELATIVE FORMULA MASS(2fT  C ,Agcselogo2F p    p   0$p   ZHOPTON(2   VAParchmentS" ?p  +  0H yH = 1; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; S = 32; Cl = 35.5; K = 39; Ca = 40; Fe = 56; Cu = 64zzy   0 f  The relative formula mass is the sum of the relative atomic masses of ALL the atoms present in the formula Water H2O H + H + O 1 + 1 + 16 = 18 Copper CuSO4 sulphate k  )!f f!  B  s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0L0 |(    08q ORELATIVE FORMULA MASS(2fT  C ,Agcselogo2F p    p   0\ɂp   ZHOPTON(2   VAParchmentS" ?p  +  0H yH = 1; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; S = 32; Cl = 35.5; K = 39; Ca = 40; Fe = 56; Cu = 64zzy*  0%f  The relative formula mass is the sum of the relative atomic masses of ALL the atoms present in the formula Water H2O H + H + O 1 + 1 + 16 = 18 Copper CuSO4 Cu + S + 4 x O sulphate k  )!f f!  B  s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0L0 (    07q ORELATIVE FORMULA MASS(2fT  C ,Agcselogo2F p    p   0<p   ZHOPTON(2   VAParchmentS" ?p  +  0AH yH = 1; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; S = 32; Cl = 35.5; K = 39; Ca = 40; Fe = 56; Cu = 64zzyZ  0dDf  The relative formula mass is the sum of the relative atomic masses of ALL the atoms present in the formula Water H2O H + H + O 1 + 1 + 16 = 18 Copper CuSO4 Cu + S + 4 x O sulphate 64 + 32 + 4 x 16 k  )!f f!  B  s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +- 0L0 <4(    0Yq ORELATIVE FORMULA MASS(2fT  C ,Agcselogo2F p    p   0]p   ZHOPTON(2   VAParchmentS" ?p  +  0aH yH = 1; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; S = 32; Cl = 35.5; K = 39; Ca = 40; Fe = 56; Cu = 64zzy  0kf  The relative formula mass is the sum of the relative atomic masses of ALL the atoms present in the formula Water H2O H + H + O 1 + 1 + 16 = 18 Copper CuSO4 Cu + S + 4 x O sulphate 64 + 32 + 4 x 16 = 160 k  )!f f!!  B  s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0L0 Pz(    00{q ORELATIVE FORMULA MASS(2fT  C ,Agcselogo2F p    p   0<p   ZHOPTON(2   VAParchmentS" ?p  +  0H yH = 1; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; S = 32; Cl = 35.5; K = 39; Ca = 40; Fe = 56; Cu = 64zzy(  0f   The relative formula mass is the sum of the relative atomic masses of ALL the atoms present in the formula Water H2O H + H + O 1 + 1 + 16 = 18 Copper CuSO4 Cu + S + 4 x O sulphate 64 + 32 + 4 x 16 = 160 TAKE CARE WHEN THERE ARE BRACKETS"Hk  6 9"!  B  s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +k 0L0 zr@(    0@q ORELATIVE FORMULA MASS(2fT  C ,Agcselogo2F p    p   0p   ZHOPTON(2   VAParchmentS" ?p  +  0왅H yH = 1; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; S = 32; Cl = 35.5; K = 39; Ca = 40; Fe = 56; Cu = 64zzy  04f  ^(The relative formula mass is the sum of the relative atomic masses of ALL the atoms present in the formula Water H2O H + H + O 1 + 1 + 16 = 18 Copper CuSO4 Cu + S + 4 x O sulphate 64 + 32 + 4 x 16 = 160 TAKE CARE WHEN THERE ARE BRACKETS Calcium Ca(OH)2 hydroxide "Hk  6 9"!f f ! ) B  s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0L0 0E(    0Dq ORELATIVE FORMULA MASS(2fT  C ,Agcselogo2F p    p   0p   ZHOPTON(2   VAParchmentS" ?p  +  0ŅH yH = 1; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; S = 32; Cl = 35.5; K = 39; Ca = 40; Fe = 56; Cu = 64zzy  0ͅf  AThe relative formula mass is the sum of the relative atomic masses of ALL the atoms present in the formula Water H2O H + H + O 1 + 1 + 16 = 18 Copper CuSO4 Cu + S + 4 x O sulphate 64 + 32 + 4 x 16 = 160 TAKE CARE WHEN THERE ARE BRACKETS Calcium Ca(OH)2 Ca + 2 lots of OH hydroxide ""H7k  6 [!f ! !  ! B B  s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0L0 `(    0Hq ORELATIVE FORMULA MASS(2fT  C ,Agcselogo2F p    p   0p   ZHOPTON(2   VAParchmentS" ?p  +  0H yH = 1; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; S = 32; Cl = 35.5; K = 39; Ca = 40; Fe = 56; Cu = 64zzy  0f  \The relative formula mass is the sum of the relative atomic masses of ALL the atoms present in the formula Water H2O H + H + O 1 + 1 + 16 = 18 Copper CuSO4 Cu + S + 4 x O sulphate 64 + 32 + 4 x 16 = 160 TAKE CARE WHEN THERE ARE BRACKETS Calcium Ca(OH)2 Ca + 2 lots of OH hydroxide Ca + O + H + O + H ""HRk  6 [!f f ! ] B  s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0L0 (    0q ORELATIVE FORMULA MASS(2fT  C ,Agcselogo2F p    p   0p   ZHOPTON(2   VAParchmentS" ?p  +  0XH yH = 1; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; S = 32; Cl = 35.5; K = 39; Ca = 40; Fe = 56; Cu = 64zzyF  00f  xThe relative formula mass is the sum of the relative atomic masses of ALL the atoms present in the formula Water H2O H + H + O 1 + 1 + 16 = 18 Copper CuSO4 Cu + S + 4 x O sulphate 64 + 32 + 4 x 16 = 160 TAKE CARE WHEN THERE ARE BRACKETS Calcium Ca(OH)2 Ca + 2 lots of OH hydroxide Ca + O + H + O + H 40 16 + 1 + 16 + 1 >"Hnk  6 [!f f ! y B  s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +  0L0 (    09q ORELATIVE FORMULA MASS(2fT  C ,Agcselogo2F p    p   0p   ZHOPTON(2   VAParchmentS" ?p  +  0h4H yH = 1; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; S = 32; Cl = 35.5; K = 39; Ca = 40; Fe = 56; Cu = 64zzy[  04Ef  }The relative formula mass is the sum of the relative atomic masses of ALL the atoms present in the formula Water H2O H + H + O 1 + 1 + 16 = 18 Copper CuSO4 Cu + S + 4 x O sulphate 64 + 32 + 4 x 16 = 160 TAKE CARE WHEN THERE ARE BRACKETS Calcium Ca(OH)2 Ca + 2 lots of OH hydroxide Ca + O + H + O + H 40 16 + 1 + 16 + 1 = 74N"Hsk  6 [!f f !9! ~ B  s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +  0L0 8u(  8 8 0| q ORELATIVE FORMULA MASS(2fT 8 C ,Agcselogo2F p   8 p  8 0Y p   ZHOPTON(2  8 VAParchmentS" ?p  # 8 0V"`e Use the list of relative atomic masses to calculate the relative formula mass of the following compounds H2 O2 H2O NaOH CH4 C5H12 NaCl H2SO4 Na2SO4 CaCl2 CaCO3 NH4NO3 CuSO4 Al2O3 Ca(OH)2 Al2(SO4)3 zj                       :yL+ 8 0, H yH = 1; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; S = 32; Cl = 35.5; K = 39; Ca = 40; Fe = 56; Cu = 64zzyB 8 s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0L0   N (    0]q ORELATIVE FORMULA MASS(2fT  C ,Agcselogo2F p    p   0ap   ZHOPTON(2   VAParchmentS" ?p  #  0p"`e Use the list of relative atomic masses to calculate the relative formula mass of the following compounds H2 O2 H2O NaOH CH4 C5H12 NaCl H2SO4 Na2SO4 CaCl2 CaCO3 NH4NO3 CuSO4 Al2O3 Ca(OH)2 Al2(SO4)3 zj                       :yL+  0p H yH = 1; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; S = 32; Cl = 35.5; K = 39; Ca = 40; Fe = 56; Cu = 64zzy   0|u 3z b2 32 18 2!    06 kM f40 16 72 2!    0@ k o36.5 98 142 2!    0Ԝ rD  n111 100 80 2!    0` | %  m160 102 74 2!   0O V ]*  W342 2! B  s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +s 0L0 z (  T  C ,Agcselogo2F p    p   0p   ZHOPTON(2   VAParchmentS" ?p    00q PPERCENTAGE COMPOSITION(2fB  s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +] 0L0 ld(    0 q PPERCENTAGE COMPOSITION(2fT  C ,Agcselogo2F p    p   0p   ZHOPTON(2   VAParchmentS" ?p    0"` tIt can be quite useful to know how much of an element is present in a compound. This is not how many atoms there are BUT what mass is present. This has some relevance when considering how much metal is in a particular ore.xY!!!SB  s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +B 0L0 QI (    0cfx g_Metal ores do not just contain a metal, there are other elements present. eg Fe2O3, TiO2, ZnS. `M   ,J @`  0lÇq PPERCENTAGE COMPOSITION(2fT   C ,Agcselogo2F p     p    08ȇp   ZHOPTON(2    VAParchmentS" ?p  B  s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0L0   u(  U  0هf Metal ores do not just contain a metal, there are other elements present. eg Fe2O3, TiO2, ZnS. To calculate the PERCENTAGE BY MASS of a metal in an ore; M,J? @`  0q PPERCENTAGE COMPOSITION(2fT   C ,Agcselogo2F p     p    0p   ZHOPTON(2    VAParchmentS" ?p  B  s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0L0 0 +(       0tfx Metal ores do not just contain a metal, there are other elements present. eg Fe2O3, TiO2, ZnS. To calculate the PERCENTAGE BY MASS of a metal in an ore; 1 Calculate the formula mass (Fe2O3) 56 + 56 + 16 + 16 + 16 = 160 dM!!!!!#!,J @`   0<q PPERCENTAGE COMPOSITION(2fT   C ,Agcselogo2F p     p    0p   ZHOPTON(2    VAParchmentS" ?p  B   s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0L0 @ X(  8  0Kf  Metal ores do not just contain a metal, there are other elements present. eg Fe2O3, TiO2, ZnS. To calculate the PERCENTAGE BY MASS of a metal in an ore; 1 Calculate the formula mass (Fe2O3) 56 + 56 + 16 + 16 + 16 = 160 2 Calculate how much of this is Fe 56 + 56 = 112 Z7M9  #6!,J @`  0pAq PPERCENTAGE COMPOSITION(2fT   C ,Agcselogo2F p     p    0`;p   ZHOPTON(2    VAParchmentS" ?p  B  s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +5 0L0 D< (   `   0df8  LMetal ores do not just contain a metal, there are other elements present. eg Fe2O3, TiO2, ZnS. To calculate the PERCENTAGE BY MASS of a metal in an ore; 1 Calculate the formula mass (Fe2O3) 56 + 56 + 16 + 16 + 16 = 160 2 Calculate how much of this is Fe 56 + 56 = 112 3 Calculate the fraction that is Fe 112 160 NkM9  X6!,J @`RB   s *D!o     0plq PPERCENTAGE COMPOSITION(2fT   C ,Agcselogo2F p     p    0$qp   ZHOPTON(2    VAParchmentS" ?p  B   s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0L0 P (    0ĭfx  dMetal ores do not just contain a metal, there are other elements present. eg Fe2O3, TiO2, ZnS. To calculate the PERCENTAGE BY MASS of a metal in an ore; 1 Calculate the formula mass (Fe2O3) 56 + 56 + 16 + 16 + 16 = 160 2 Calculate how much of this is Fe 56 + 56 = 112 3 Calculate the fraction that is Fe 112 160 4 Calculate the percentage that is Fe 112 x 100 = 160 pM9  6!! !,J2 @`RB  s *Do  RB   s *D!o     0䢉q PPERCENTAGE COMPOSITION(2fT   C ,Agcselogo2F p     p    0p   ZHOPTON(2   VAParchmentS" ?p  B  s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0L0 ` (    0 ׉fx  UMetal ores do not just contain a metal, there are other elements present. eg Fe2O3, TiO2, ZnS. To calculate the PERCENTAGE BY MASS of a metal in an ore; 1 Calculate the formula mass (Fe2O3) 56 + 56 + 16 + 16 + 16 = 160 2 Calculate how much of this is Fe 56 + 56 = 112 3 Calculate the fraction that is Fe 112 160 4 Calculate the percentage that is Fe 112 x 100 = 70.0% 160 \M9  ! ,J7 @`RB  s *Do  RB   s *Do     0xˉq PPERCENTAGE COMPOSITION(2fT   C ,Agcselogo2F p     p    04Љp   ZHOPTON(2   VAParchmentS" ?p  B  s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +s  0L0  z p  (  D  0fx Metal ores do not just contain a metal, there are other elements present. eg Fe2O3, TiO2, ZnS. To calculate the PERCENTAGE BY MASS of a metal in an ore; 1 Calculate the formula mass (Fe2O3) 56 + 56 + 16 + 16 + 16 = 160 2 Calculate how much of this is Fe 56 + 56 = 112 3 Calculate the fraction that is Fe 112 160 4 Calculate the percentage that is Fe 112 x 100 = 70.0% 160 Calculate the percentage of each metal in& Al2O3 TiO2 CuFeS2 ZnS NaCl r M9 *fffffffffffff dJ6 D  @`RB  s *Do  RB   s *Do     0q PPERCENTAGE COMPOSITION(2fT   C ,Agcselogo2F p     p    0H p   ZHOPTON(2   VAParchmentS" ?p  B  s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +l 0L0 {sl(  l l 02q IREACTING MASSES(2fT l C ,Agcselogo2F p   l p  l 06p   ZHOPTON(2  l VAParchmentS" ?p  B l s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0L0   ,(  , , 0f The masses of all the atoms at the end of a reaction (THE PRODUCTS) must equal the masses of all the atoms at the start of the reaction (THE REACTANTS).X6 !G !    , 0@q IREACTING MASSES(2fF p    , p   , 0Cp   ZHOPTON(2   , VAParchmentS" ?p  T  , C ,Agcselogo2B , s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +x 0L0   ((  (< ( 0xUf The masses of all the atoms at the end of a reaction (THE PRODUCTS) must equal the masses of all the atoms at the start of the reaction (THE REACTANTS). copper + sulphuric acid copper + water oxide sulphate'fff:ff*   ( 0 ^f   `Write out a word equation.  F p    ( p   ( 0ap   ZHOPTON(2   ( VAParchmentS" ?p    ( 0$fq IREACTING MASSES(2fT  ( C ,Agcselogo2B ( s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +  0L0   $r(  $r $ 0Sf The masses of all the atoms at the end of a reaction (THE PRODUCTS) must equal the masses of all the atoms at the start of the reaction (THE REACTANTS). copper + sulphuric acid copper + water oxide sulphate CuO + H2SO4 CuSO4 + H2O O';   `   >   $ 04ff   9Write out a proper equation showing the correct formulae.:: : F p    $ p   $ 0kp   ZHOPTON(2   $ VAParchmentS" ?p    $ 0iq IREACTING MASSES(2fT  $ C ,Agcselogo2B $ s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +  0L0     (   Z   0vf  :The masses of all the atoms at the end of a reaction (THE PRODUCTS) must equal the masses of all the atoms at the start of the reaction (THE REACTANTS). copper + sulphuric acid copper + water oxide sulphate CuO + H2SO4 CuSO4 + H2O 64 + 16 (1x1) + 32 + (4x16) 64 + 32 + (4x16) (2x1) + 16 <';   Cf `   > T     0f  dLook up the atomic masses in a table and work out the formula mass of each chemical in the equation.ee e F p     p    0p   ZHOPTON(2    VAParchmentS" ?p     0q IREACTING MASSES(2fT   C ,Agcselogo2B   s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +  0L0    0 (  0 0 0̟fG  8xThe masses of all the atoms at the end of a reaction (THE PRODUCTS) must equal the masses of all the atoms at the start of the reaction (THE REACTANTS). copper + sulphuric acid copper + water oxide sulphate CuO + H2SO4 CuSO4 + H2O 64 + 16 (1x1) + 32 + (4x16) 64 + 32 + (4x16) (2x1) + 16 80 98 160 18 <';   Cf  `   > s   0 0f  dLook up the atomic masses in a table and work out the formula mass of each chemical in the equation.ee e 8 p    0p   0 0<p   ZHOPTON(2   0 VAParchmentS" ?p    0 0úq IREACTING MASSES(2fT  0 C ,Agcselogo2B 0 s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +J  0L0 Y Q p  (    0̺f  xThe masses of all the atoms at the end of a reaction (THE PRODUCTS) must equal the masses of all the atoms at the start of the reaction (THE REACTANTS). copper + sulphuric acid copper + water oxide sulphate CuO + H2SO4 CuSO4 + H2O 64 + 16 (1x1) + 32 + (4x16) 64 + 32 + (4x16) (2x1) + 16 80 98 160 18 178 178D';   Cf   3 3j   >    0f  PThis shows that the masses after the reaction are the same as the masses before.QQ Q F p     p    0p   ZHOPTON(2    VAParchmentS" ?p  T   C ,Agcselogo2  0q IREACTING MASSES(2fB  s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +w 0L0 ~$(  $F p   $ p  $ 0pp   ZHOPTON(2  $ VAParchmentS" ?p  T $ C ,Agcselogo2 $ 0Dq TYIELD AND PERCENTAGE YIELD(2fB $ s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +L 0L0 [S`  (    0f mYIELD How much of a chemical you get from a reaction. PERCENTAGE How much of a chemical you get YIELD COMPARED WITH how much you should get. (assuming 100% conversion) |!= ! !-f3 F p     p    0 p   ZHOPTON(2    VAParchmentS" ?p  T   C ,Agcselogo2   0q TYIELD AND PERCENTAGE YIELD(2fB  s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0L0 (  <(  < < 0lf  : YIELD How much of a chemical you get from a reaction. PERCENTAGE How much of a chemical you get YIELD COMPARED WITH how much you should get. Example CuO + H2SO4 CuSO4 + H2O 80 98 160 18      ,B   0 * T  < C ,Agcselogo2 < 0`(q TYIELD AND PERCENTAGE YIELD(2fF p   < p  < 0,-p   ZHOPTON(2  < VAParchmentS" ?p  B < s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +  0L0  @(  @ @ 0?f  $YIELD How much of a chemical you get from a reaction. PERCENTAGE How much of a chemical you get YIELD COMPARED WITH how much you should get. Example CuO + H2SO4 CuSO4 + H2O 80 98 160 18 If you start with 80g of copper oxide, you can get a maximum of 160g of copper sulphate.e      ,\T   0  T  @ C ,Agcselogo2  @ 0Pq TYIELD AND PERCENTAGE YIELD(2fF p    @ p  @ 0Up   ZHOPTON(2  @ VAParchmentS" ?p  B @ s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +  0L0   8L (  8x 8 0t[f  YIELD How much of a chemical you get from a reaction. PERCENTAGE How much of a chemical you get YIELD COMPARED WITH how much you should get. Example CuO + H2SO4 CuSO4 + H2O 80 98 160 18 If you start with 80g of copper oxide, you can get a maximum of 160g of copper sulphate.e      ,\T   0   8 0yf H@8___PPT9 xWhat is the maximum yield of copper sulphate if you start with a) 20g of copper oxide b) 400g of copper oxide  4Ey&$L  @`T  8 C ,Agcselogo2  8 0|q TYIELD AND PERCENTAGE YIELD(2fF p   8 p  8 0p   ZHOPTON(2  8 VAParchmentS" ?p  B 8 s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +  0L0   @P (  Px P 0f  YIELD How much of a chemical you get from a reaction. PERCENTAGE How much of a chemical you get YIELD COMPARED WITH how much you should get. Example CuO + H2SO4 CuSO4 + H2O 80 98 160 18 If you start with 80g of copper oxide, you can get a maximum of 160g of copper sulphate.e      ,\T   0    P 0(f H@8___PPT9 YWhat is the maximum yield of copper sulphate if you start with a) 20g of copper oxide Ans. 40g b) 400g of copper oxide x4N;33&$U  @`T  P C ,Agcselogo2  P 0<q TYIELD AND PERCENTAGE YIELD(2fF p   P p  P 0(p   ZHOPTON(2  P VAParchmentS" ?p  B P s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +  0L0   D (  Dx D 0f  YIELD How much of a chemical you get from a reaction. PERCENTAGE How much of a chemical you get YIELD COMPARED WITH how much you should get. Example CuO + H2SO4 CuSO4 + H2O 80 98 160 18 If you start with 80g of copper oxide, you can get a maximum of 160g of copper sulphate.e      ,\T   0   D 0f H@8___PPT9 LWhat is the maximum yield of copper sulphate if you start with a) 20g of copper oxide Ans. 40g b) 400g of copper oxide Ans. 800g b4WA"3&$^  @`T  D C ,Agcselogo2  D 0q TYIELD AND PERCENTAGE YIELD(2fF p   D p  D 0p   ZHOPTON(2  D VAParchmentS" ?p  B D s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +  0L0   4(  4 4 0f  f YIELD How much of a chemical you get from a reaction. PERCENTAGE How much of a chemical you get YIELD COMPARED WITH how much you should get. Example CuO + H2SO4 CuSO4 + H2O 80 98 160 18B ! !.      ,B   0 *  4 0fX ^ TLD___PPT9& iIf you start with 80g of copper oxide and only get 120g of copper sulphate, what is the percentage yield?,;/;/B  @`T  4 C ,Agcselogo2  4 0q TYIELD AND PERCENTAGE YIELD(2fF p   4 p  4 0p   ZHOPTON(2  4 VAParchmentS" ?p  B 4 s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +9  0L0 H @ H(  H H 0`f  f YIELD How much of a chemical you get from a reaction. PERCENTAGE How much of a chemical you get YIELD COMPARED WITH how much you should get. Example CuO + H2SO4 CuSO4 + H2O 80 98 160 18B ! !.      ,B   0 *  H 0x%fX D TLD___PPT9& 0If you start with 80g of copper oxide and only get 120g of copper sulphate, what is the percentage yield? 80g should give a maximum of 160g.D;R;/#!&BB  @`T  H C ,Agcselogo2  H 05q TYIELD AND PERCENTAGE YIELD(2fF p   H p  H 0L9p   ZHOPTON(2  H VAParchmentS" ?p  B H s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +r  0L0  y `X (  X X 0?f  f YIELD How much of a chemical you get from a reaction. PERCENTAGE How much of a chemical you get YIELD COMPARED WITH how much you should get. Example CuO + H2SO4 CuSO4 + H2O 80 98 160 18B ! !.      ,B   0 * % X 0QfX *TLD___PPT9& iIf you start with 80g of copper oxide and only get 120g of copper sulphate, what is the percentage yield? 80g should give a maximum of 160g. However only 120g are produced. \;s;Q!&Bc  @`  X 0`q TYIELD AND PERCENTAGE YIELD(2fF p    X p  X 0`gp   ZHOPTON(2  X VAParchmentS" ?p  T X C ,Agcselogo2B X s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +  0L0   PTD (  T T 0mf  f YIELD How much of a chemical you get from a reaction. PERCENTAGE How much of a chemical you get YIELD COMPARED WITH how much you should get. Example CuO + H2SO4 CuSO4 + H2O 80 98 160 18B ! !.      ,B   0 * R T 0fX TLD___PPT9& If you start with 80g of copper oxide and only get 120g of copper sulphate, what is the percentage yield? 80g should give a maximum of 160g. However only 120g are produced. The fraction produced is 120/160 = (0.75). \;;q-!&B  @`  T 0q TYIELD AND PERCENTAGE YIELD(2fF p    T p  T 0ܖp   ZHOPTON(2  T VAParchmentS" ?p  T T C ,Agcselogo2B T s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +  0L0   0L^ (  L L 0Ȝf  f YIELD How much of a chemical you get from a reaction. PERCENTAGE How much of a chemical you get YIELD COMPARED WITH how much you should get. Example CuO + H2SO4 CuSO4 + H2O 80 98 160 18B ! !.      ,B   0 * l L 0fX TLD___PPT9& If you start with 80g of copper oxide and only get 120g of copper sulphate, what is the percentage yield? 80g should give a maximum of 160g. However only 120g are produced. The fraction produced is 120/160 = (0.75). Multiply by 100 to get the percentage.P;;%!&B  @`  L 0q TYIELD AND PERCENTAGE YIELD(2fF p    L p  L 0p   ZHOPTON(2  L VAParchmentS" ?p  T L C ,Agcselogo2B L s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +  0L0   p\q (  \ \ 0@f  f YIELD How much of a chemical you get from a reaction. PERCENTAGE How much of a chemical you get YIELD COMPARED WITH how much you should get. Example CuO + H2SO4 CuSO4 + H2O 80 98 160 18B ! !.      ,B   0 *  \ 0HfX TLD___PPT9& If you start with 80g of copper oxide and only get 120g of copper sulphate, what is the percentage yield? 80g should give a maximum of 160g. However only 120g are produced. The fraction produced is 120/160 = (0.75). Multiply by 100 to get the percentage. ANS 75% yieldP;;!&B  @`  \ 0q TYIELD AND PERCENTAGE YIELD(2fF p    \ p  \ 0p   ZHOPTON(2  \ VAParchmentS" ?p  T \ C ,Agcselogo2B \ s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 0L0  x@(  x x 00H y-2011 JONATHAN HOPTON & KNOCKHARDY PUBLISHING0.(2& f- fJ x C "A KTRE: . x <̙? x @ 0 0 x <̙? x @ 0 0T x C ,Agcselogo2  x 0D_ 'CALCULATIONS INVOLVING FORMULAE THE ENDR (2820f0ff  B x s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +rx E!3*50u\O{{~}Kcaf\F,};p0,Ri! I,U4:&E}7!!d`?N`{>9IM,vlśSZbBjM4/:@GbOZ_UhAqWӻYh{I(=5Oh+'0T hp   No Slide TitleHOPTONJONATHAN HOPTON549Microsoft PowerPoint@^c@@hNx@߃GSg  )'    """)))UUUMMMBBB999|PP3f333f3333f3ffffff3f̙3ff333f333333333f33333333f33f3ff3f3f3f3333f33̙33333f333333f3333f3ffffff3f33ff3f3f3f3fff3ffffffffff3ffff̙fff3fffff3fff333f3f3ff3ff33f̙̙3̙ff̙̙̙3f̙3f333f3333f3ffffff3f̙3f3f3f333f3333f3ffffff3f̙3f3ffffffffff!___www{ad44'A x(xKʦ """)))UUUMMMBBB999|PP3f3333f333ff3fffff3f3f̙f3333f3333333333f3333333f3f33ff3f3f3f3333f3333333f3̙33333f333ff3ffffff3f33f3ff3f3f3ffff3fffffffff3fffffff3f̙ffff3ff333f3ff33fff33f3ff̙3f3f3333f333ff3fffff̙̙3̙f̙̙̙3f̙3f3f3333f333ff3fffff3f3f̙3ffffffffff!___wwwýýýýýýýüýüýüýüýüýýýüýüýüýýýüýýýýýýýüýüýüýüýüýýýüýüýüýýýüýýýýýýýüýüýüýüýüýýýüýüýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýüýüýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýüýýýý___________________________________ýýýüýýýýýýýüýüýüýýýýýý________________________________ýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýýýýýýýýüýýýýýüýýýüýýýýýýýýýýüýýýýýüýýýüýýýýýýýüýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýýýýýýýýýrsrýýýýýýýýýýüýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýKnýýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýýýtnýýýýýýýüýýýýýýýýýýýnüýýüýüýýüýüýýýýüýüýýýüýýýüýýüýüýýrxKýýýýüýüýýýüýýýüýýüýüýýüýüýýýýüýüýýýýýýýýx-Onnýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýý-wnD-ýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýIsKEPOýýýýüýüýýýýýýýýýýüýýýýýýýýýýüýüÓtJVOýýýýýýýüýýýýýýýýýýüýüýýýýýýýýýýüýýxJ('Orýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýýýýýýý-xP'-OýýýýüýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýüxOO(OOüýýýýýýýýýýýüýüýüýýýýýýýüýýýýýýýý-OOP-ýüýüýýýýýýýüýýýýýýýýýýýüýüýüýýýýýýýrxOO'O'O'ýýýýýýýýýüýýýýýýýýýýüýýýýýýýýýüýx-ONOxrýýýýýüýýýýýýýýýüýýýýýýýýýýüýýO-O'-'O-ýýýýüýýýüýüýüýýýüýýýýýýýüýüýüýýýüýýýüýüýr--O'---OýýýýýýýüýüýüýýýüýýýüýüýüýýýüýýýýýýýüýýýýýýýO'-'-'-OýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýP---'--xýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýO-'-'-OýýýýýýýýüýýýüýýýýýýýüýüýýýüýýýýýýýýüýýsU-UOýýýýýýüýüýýýüýýýýýýýýüýýýüýýýýýýýüýüýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýýýüýýýüýýýýýýýýýýüýýýýýüýýýüýýýýýýýýýýüýýýýýüýýýüýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýýýýýýýüýüýýüýýýüýýüýüýýüýüýýýýüýüýýüýýýüýýüýüýýüýüýýýýüýüýýüýýýüýýüýüýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýýüýýýýýýýüýýýýüýüýýýýýüýýýýüýýýýýýýüýýýýüýüýýýýýüýýýýüýýýýýýýüýýýýüýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýýýýýýýýüýüýýýýýýýýýüýýýýýýýýýýüýüýýýýýýýýýüýýýýýýýýýýüýüýýýýýýýýýüýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýýýýýýüýýýýýýýýýüýýýýýýýýüýýýýýýýýýüýýýýýýýýüýýýýüýýýýýýýüýüýüýüýüýýýüýüýüýýýüýýýýýýýüýüýüýüýüýýýüýüýüýýýüýýýýýýýüýüýüýüýüýýýüýüýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýüýüýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýüýýýýýýýüýüýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýüýýýýýýýüýüýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýýýýýýýýüýýýýýüýýýüýýýýýýýýýýüýýýýýüýýýüýýýýýýýýýýüýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýýýýýýýýýüýýüýüýýüýüýýýýüýüýýýüýýýüýýüýüýýüýüýýýýüýüýýýüýýýüýýüýüýýüýüýýýýüýüýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýüýüýýýýýýýýýýüýýýýýýýüýüýýýýýýýýýýüýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýýýýýýýýýýýüüýýýýýýýýýýýüýüýüýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýýýýüýýýýýýýýýýýüýüýüýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýýýýýýýýüýýýýýýýýýüýýýýýýýýýýüýýýýýýýýýüýýýýýýýýýýüýýýýýýüýýýüýüýüýýýüýýýýýýýüýüýüýýýüýýýüýüýüýýýüýýýýýýýüýüýüýýýüýýýüýüýüýýýüýýýýýýýüýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýüýýýýýüüýýýýýýýýýüýýüýüýýý_________________ý___ý_____________________________________________ýýýýýýý_______ý___ý__________ýý________________ý__ýý_________ý__________________ý_____________ýýýý_______________________________________________________________ýýüýýý__________________ýý_________________ý______ý______________________ýü__________ýýý_________________________________________________________________________ýýýý_________________ýý_______________ýý______________________ýý______ýýý_________________________________________________________________________ýýýý__ý__ý____ýý__ý_____ý__üý______ý__ýý____ýüý_____ý_________ý__ýý__ý______ýýý___ý______ýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýýýýýýýüýüýýüýýýüýýüýüýýüýüýýýýüýüýýüýýýüýýüýüýýüýüýýýýüýüýýüýýýüýýüýüýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýý_____________ý____ý________________ý_____ý____ý____ýýýýýýýýý_______________________________________________________________ýüýýýýüýýýýýýýü_____________ý______ý____ý_______ý______ý_______ý__üýýýýýýýüýýýýüýýý______________________________________ýýÒýýýýýüýýýý__ý____ý__ý__ý______ý____ý__ý____ý_____________ýüýýýýýýýýýý_______________________________________üüýýýýýýýýýüýý______ý___ý__ü________ý____ýý___ý________ý_____ý___________ýýýýýüýýýýýýýýýý_________________________________________ýÓoFýýýýüýýýýýýýýüýýýýýýýýýüýýýýýýýýüýýýýýýýýýüýýýýýýýýüýüoFýýýüooFýýýýüýüýüýüýüýýýüýüýüýýýüýýýýýýýüýüýüýüýüýýýüýüýüýýýüýýýýýýýüýüýüýüýüýýýüýüýüFoýýýýýýýýýýýýýýüoFýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýý⼙FFFüOoFFüýüýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýüýýýýýýýüýüýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýüýýýýýýýüýüýýýýýýýýýýýýüýürOFooýýýýýýýýýýýü'ooýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýü՜.+,D՜.+,8    On-screen Show \XQ XTimes New Roman Arial BlackTahomaArial Courier New WingdingsDefault DesignSlide 1Slide 2Slide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9 Slide 10 Slide 11 Slide 12 Slide 13 Slide 14 Slide 15 Slide 16 Slide 17 Slide 18 Slide 19 Slide 20 Slide 21 Slide 22 Slide 23 Slide 24 Slide 25 Slide 26 Slide 27 Slide 28 Slide 29 Slide 30 Slide 31 Slide 32 Slide 33 Slide 34 Slide 35 Slide 36 Slide 37 Slide 38 Slide 39 Slide 40 Slide 41 Slide 42 Slide 43 Slide 44 Slide 45 Slide 46 Slide 47 Slide 48 Slide 49 Slide 50 Slide 51 Slide 52 Slide 53 Slide 54 Slide 55 Slide 56 Slide 57 Slide 58 Slide 59 Slide 60 Slide 61 Slide 62 Slide 63 Slide 64 Slide 65 Slide 66 Slide 67 Slide 68 Slide 69 Slide 70 Slide 71 Slide 72 Slide 73 Slide 74 Slide 75 Slide 76 Slide 77 Slide 78 Slide 79 Slide 80 Slide 81  Fonts UsedDesign Template Slide TitlesQ, 8@ _PID_HLINKSA6316,3,Slide 3316,3,Slide 3316,3,Slide 3316,3,Slide 3480,4,Slide 4551,24,Slide 24566,51,Slide 51532,61,Slide 61576,68,Slide 68'_>JONATHAN HOPTONJONATHAN HOPTON  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~Root EntrydO)PicturesCurrent UserSummaryInformation(TPowerPoint Document( >DocumentSummaryInformation8